A new report released by the World Economic Forum pinpoints how cities can use mobility options to improve social equity and economic growth.
The white paper, How Mobility Shapes Inclusion and Sustainable Growth, identifies over 40 potential solutions to improve inclusivity in mobility, with simulations of over 40 million daily trips, global benchmarking and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders.
Prepared in collaboration with the Boston Consulting Group and University of St Gallen, the study identifies transportation ‘pain points’ in three cities – Beijing, Berlin and Chicago. Using a six-step transportation equity methodology, the white paper analyses the mobility challenges each city faces, their affected communities and how transportation is driving, or failing to drive, economic growth and well-being. It also offers recommendations that result in real gains.
This methodology fills a void in current transportation analysis and can serve as the centrepiece of a strategy for developing mobility-based social inclusion programmes and policies in the identified cities and elsewhere.
Beijing, People’s Republic of China
This high-density megacity can become nearly 30 percent more efficient, saving commuters about five days-worth of travel time per year:
Pain point: Very high demand has overwhelmed Beijing’s public transit network, with queuing times to get into some train stations consistently over 15 minutes, leading many residents to choose driving as an alternative.
Solution: A digital platform for metro reservations to flatten peak-hour demand and reduce commute time for rush hours.
Benefit: This equates to a 29 percent average reduction in travel time for the service users in the modelling for Beijing, an average reduction of 115 hours waiting a year per user.
Berlin, Germany
The report shows how this compact, middleweight city is raising USD 295 million more per year for inclusive mobility projects:
Pain point: As central districts have become gentrified, populations have been pushed further from the city centre, where public transport is more limited and fragmented. Berliners in these peripheral areas take about 27 percent more time commuting than central Berliners.
Solution: Creating differentiated service levels for public transit increases usage and brings in additional revenue that can be used to improve public mobility systems for the underserved.
Benefit: A differentiated service level on public transit increased the share of public transit trips by 11 percent while at the same time generating 28 percent higher revenue for the public transport operator – an equivalent of USD 295 million – that can be used to improve access for underserved populations.
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Chicago, USA
A car-centric city such as Chicago can give low-income neighbourhoods access to hundreds of thousands of more jobs:
Pain point: Low-income households in Chicago spend up to 35 percent of their income on transportation, due to the high cost of vehicle ownership and reliance on cars for mobility. Average work commute time on public transit for individuals in low-income areas is also nearly 15 minutes longer when compared to residents in some high-income areas.
Solution: Introducing on-demand shuttles to cover the first and last mile of transport can greatly increase access for underserved communities.
Benefit: The solution would increase the share of public transit usage in Chicago by 26 percent and would broaden the number of jobs reachable in 40 minutes – the rough ceiling for a desirable commuting time – by 90 percent; this would result in improved access to 224,000 jobs from neighbourhoods that did not have access before.
The white paper also finds that in order to foster social inclusion through mobility, both supply and demand must be considered. Purely increasing mobility infrastructure does not always yield the desired results.
For example, adding 10 new subway cars may do little to increase ridership among people with disabilities even if they do not have other transportation options, mainly because getting to a subway station is a challenge in and of itself. Other solutions such as an on-demand mobility service for the disabled community, such as Hyundai Motor Groups’s EnableLA universal mobility service, may be the more appropriate option.
Next Steps for Policymakers
Access to transportation infrastructure is essential to social development and economic growth, and improving the mobility situation for underserved population groups needs to be one of the top priorities for decision-makers.
Since every city has its own mobility and socioeconomic challenges, data collection processes and the current understanding of rider demand must be re-examined in order to gather important information about mobility challenges affecting minorities.
Understanding the baseline conditions of the mobility conditions of each urban environment is crucial in effectively determining the appropriate solutions for individual cities.
Source: World Economic Forum
