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Ecomondo 2024: Italy at the Forefront of the Ecological Transition

Photo-illustration: Pixabay (Annette)

With an overall recycling rate of 72 percent, well above the European average of 58 percent, and a circular material use rate of 18.7 percent, compared to the EU average of 11.5 percent, Italy reaffirms its position as a leader in the circular economy. These figures reflect the commitment of Italian companies, which, through their innovation and adaptability, continue to play a key role in the global green economy, enhancing the country’s competitiveness in international markets.

Ecomondo remains a fundamental platform for these companies, offering a meeting point for discussing and showcasing cutting-edge technologies, services, and industrial solutions in the green and circular economy sectors.

During the press conference held at the Chamber of Deputies in Rome, the 27th edition of Ecomondo, organised by Italian Exhibition Group (IEG), was officially presented. The event, which will take place at the Rimini Expo Centre from 5th to 8th November 2024, continues to be a strategic hub and an international reference point for promoting sustainable development models. It aligns with the key elements of the European Union’s development strategies aimed at tackling climate change and the resource crisis.

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“Ecomondo,” noted the Minister for the Environment and Energy Security, Gilberto Pichetto Fratin, “represents a wealth of knowledge, from start-ups and innovation to best practices, all of which contribute to the national quality leap. We have successful models, such as recycling, alongside the expertise and intelligence needed to meet decarbonization goals. Ecomondo,” Pichetto Fratin concluded, “is a must-attend event for anyone who truly believes in a fair and sustainable transition”.

Internationality and innovation will be at the heart of the event, with delegations from over 100 countries, 73 industry associations, and participation in the Africa Green Growth project. This initiative, in collaboration with the Mattei Plan of The Presidency of the Council of Ministers, the Ministry for the Environment and Energy Security (MASE), and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MAECI), aims to promote sustainability and socio-economic development in Africa. So far, 108 delegates from key African countries such as Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Ivory Coast have already confirmed their presence.

Among the key highlights of the event are the States General of the Green Economy, organised by the Sustainable Development Foundation and promoted by the National Council of the Green Economy, in collaboration with the Ministry of the Environment and Energy Security (MASE) and the European Commission.

 “Ecomondo is an unmissable international event for European companies looking to establish themselves in the global green economy markets. The expansion of the event, with the addition of two new pavilions, underscores the growing importance of this platform, which continues to attract excellence from across the globe, showcasing and enhancing Italian industry and exports on an international scale”, stated Corrado Peraboni, CEO of IEG.

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay

Over 1,600 exhibitors will present solutions for climate mitigation, waste recovery, soil and ecosystem regeneration, the use of waste as secondary raw materials, bioenergy, the blue economy, and sustainable water resource management. The exhibition will also feature environmental monitoring systems based on artificial intelligence, Big Data, and satellite observation, enabling real-time tracking of the planet’s health and the prediction of extreme weather events.

The Innovation District will be the driving force of innovation, with over 150 start-ups having submitted applications to showcase in the Start-Up & Scale-Up area of Ecomondo (a 21 percent increase compared to 2023), including 20 international ones. The three most innovative start-ups will be awarded the Lorenzo Cagnoni Award for Green Innovation. There will also be a strong focus on Green Jobs & Skills, with themed tours for students and industry professionals, along with career guidance sessions for graduates, offering a platform to connect job seekers and employers in the green economy sector.

Energy portal

European Universities Launch Training for Future Doctors on the Impact of Climate Change on Health

Photo-illustration: Freepik (freepik)

Climate change brings about the need for numerous societal changes. Therefore, across Europe, twenty-five universities have launched a network aiming to educate over 10,000 medical students with the knowledge and skills necessary to address health protection and the impacts of the climate crisis.

The European Network for Climate and Health Education (ENCHE) seeks to integrate lectures on climate and health into curricula. This initiative arises from the fact that healthcare systems are already overwhelmed, and now face additional pressure from factors such as extreme temperatures and air pollution. At the same time, the healthcare sector itself contributes to the climate crisis, accounting for approximately five percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.

According to the University of Glasgow’s website, data from the World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that 99 percent of people on the planet breathe polluted air, and seven million deaths each year are directly linked to air pollution. Furthermore, the number of heat-related deaths could triple by 2050. It is emphasized that climate impacts on health infrastructure are disrupting access to healthcare worldwide.

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ENCHE will act as a regional center of the Global Consortium on Climate and Health Education (GCCHE) at Columbia University, providing expert support and fostering transatlantic cooperation in the field of climate and health education. Additionally, the network will receive backing from leading health organizations and pharmaceutical companies involved in the Initiative for Sustainable Healthcare Systems.

ENCHE has invited other universities across Europe to join this initiative and contribute to the education of future healthcare professionals. In the future, the training could also be expanded to include other healthcare professions.

Energy portal

How Energy Efficiency Shapes the Future of Serbia

Photo-illustration: Pixabay
Photo: Courtesy of Antonela Solujić

Serbia is facing serious challenges when it comes to energy efficiency. With energy consumption approximately 3.5 times higher than the European average, it is clear that there is significant room for improvement. According to Eurostat data from 2022, Serbia’s energy intensity is 1.8 times higher than the European Union’s, indicating a need for radical changes in energy usage. Over the past decade, Serbia has made significant efforts to increase energy efficiency through various action plans and regulations, but achieving further savings and reducing energy consumption remain key priorities on the agenda. We spoke with Antonela Solujić from the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Serbia about energy efficiency, energy transition, and the rational use of energy.

Q: Serbia consumes about 3.5 times more energy than the European average. How can this be changed to save energy?

A: Serbia has an energy intensity about 3.5 times higher than the EU average, meaning that three and a half times more energy is consumed in Serbia to produce one unit of gross national income than in the European Union. If this parameter is adjusted for purchasing power parity, then according to Eurostat data, in 2022, it was about 1.8 times higher in Serbia than in the EU. This highlights the need for Serbia to focus heavily on improving energy efficiency, as implementing energy efficiency measures can enable further economic growth while reducing energy consumption and increasing competitiveness, as well as enhancing the quality of life across all sectors. This is further evidenced by the fact that, since 2010, Eurostat data shows a significant reduction in energy intensity adjusted for purchasing power parity—over 30 percent. During this period, Serbia began planning and implementing energy efficiency measures through energy efficiency action plans (APEE), establishing the first legal framework and incentives for energy efficiency through the Law on Efficient Use of Energy. According to the 4th Energy Efficiency Action Plan, implementing the three APEE plans from 2010 to 2018 resulted in final energy savings of around 0.661 Mtoe, or about 7.7 TWh. It’s important to understand that when we talk about energy efficiency measures, we are not only referring to technical measures but also to raising awareness about energy efficiency and its benefits. Everyone must start paying attention to their energy consumption. Additionally, it is essential to provide appropriate incentives.

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Q: How important is energy efficiency in the energy transition process?

A: Energy efficiency (EE) is undoubtedly one of the key policies in the fight against climate change. It contributes to reduced import dependence, increased economic competitiveness, higher living standards, reduced negative impacts of the energy sector on the environment, regional development promotion, and more. The EU recognized energy efficiency as a key policy contributing to cost-effective GHG emission reductions with numerous additional benefits through the implementation of its first programs in the 1990s. In Serbia, the Energy Development Strategy (covering the period until 2025) recognizes energy efficiency as a ‘new energy source.’ Since 2010, through the Energy Community Treaty, it has set and implemented activities to meet goals in this area, following EU policies. In 2018, as part of the Clean Energy for All Europeans package, the EU adopted the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action (RGOV), which introduced the obligation to develop Integrated National Energy and Climate Plans (INECP). For the first time in synergy, these plans set goals for reducing GHG emissions, increasing energy efficiency, and promoting renewable energy sources, considering that some measures simultaneously impact achieving multiple objectives. The significance of EE in the context of energy transition and combating climate change in Serbia is reflected in the fact that around 20 billion euros, or about 67 percent of all investments planned within the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (INECP) by 2030 (adopted by the Government of Serbia on July 25, 2024), will be directed towards energy efficiency measures. Approximately 20 percent of this funding (5.8 billion euros) will focus on measures impacting decarbonization. The government plans to support the implementation of these investments through various incentive mechanisms, covering about 40 percent of the investment.

Q: What are the best energy efficiency measures in terms of practicality and effectiveness?

Photo-illustration: Pixabay (atimedia)

A: Based on the results of the EE measures implemented in the four APEE plans, it has been estimated that regulatory measures contributed the most to savings. These include, first and foremost, the introduction of minimum EE requirements in specific sectors, such as building regulations (implemented since 2012), regulations on limiting CO2 emissions for new passenger and light-duty vehicles, and regulations on energy labeling of products, as well as the establishment of the Energy Management System (SEM). Energy consumption sectors are highly diverse, making it difficult to compare the cost-effectiveness of specific measures across these sectors. However, according to the literature, tracking and rational management of energy consumption, combined with regular maintenance of technical systems, can reduce energy consumption by up to 10 percent, with little or no cost. So far, within SEM, the most significant savings in the production sector have been achieved through monitoring consumption, analyzing measured data, and improving energy management procedures. These measures tend to yield better results when combined with awareness-raising initiatives for employees and the general public. Among the most cost-effective measures are replacing lighting fixtures or light sources with more efficient ones. According to the results of energy audits in 10 small and medium-sized enterprises (conducted in 2021 as part of the project Technical Assistance to the Ministry in Charge for Energy and Relevant Public Entities for Implementation of New Energy Law, National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency, and the Renewable Energy Directive), measures in the industrial sector pay off relatively quickly. In households, energy-saving measures can be implemented, such as managing energy consumption via thermostatic valves, appropriate ventilation methods, adjusting water heater temperatures, refrigerator cooling temperatures, room cooling temperatures, etc. Replacing light sources with more efficient ones is also a measure that pays off relatively quickly in households. However, investment measures in energy efficiency for buildings generally require more serious funding.

Interview by Milica Radičević

Read the whole interview in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ENERGY TRANSITION

How to Improve the State of European Waters

Photo-illustration: Freepik (wirestock)

Like other environmental sectors, water bodies are facing ecological challenges such as pollution, climate change, unsustainable freshwater management, and habitat degradation. The European Environment Agency (EEA) has published an assessment of the health of European water bodies, indicating that Europe is currently not on track to meet the water quality improvement goals set by the European Union.

The report, titled Europe’s State of Water 2024: The Need for Improved Water Resilience, shows that agriculture has the greatest impact on the degradation of both surface and groundwater. Despite some progress, a significant proportion of European waters remains heavily affected by nutrients and pesticides from agriculture, as well as chemical pollution from airborne emissions caused by coal-based energy production.

Estimates indicate that only 37 percent of European surface waters have achieved “good” or “very good” ecological status, while groundwater is in better condition, with around 77 percent classified as having “good” chemical status. However, groundwater also faces pollution risks, with the main pollutants being nitrates and pesticides, primarily from agriculture.

Each year, approximately 20 percent of Europe’s territory and 30 percent of its population experience water stress—meaning the effects of reduced water availability. Water stress involves not only a quantitative aspect but also a decline in water quality due to pollution. This percentage is expected to increase with climate change. Furthermore, climate change is leading to more intense rainfall, making sustainable and long-term flood risk management increasingly important.

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Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Jon Flobrant)

To improve the ecological status of water bodies, it is essential to promote the use of nature-based solutions, such as wetland restoration and river flow revitalization. This also involves modifying physical characteristics and restoring natural river flows by addressing dams and river canalization, which further degrade natural habitats. Allowing rivers to flow freely and restoring wetlands are crucial for healthy freshwater ecosystems, enhancing ecosystem resilience, and reducing flood risks.

Current water management practices in Europe are not sufficiently adapted to cope with the rapid and significant changes brought by climate change. Reducing water stress requires more efficient water use, minimizing leakage in water systems, and implementing efficient devices and processes that increase water reuse. Water pricing is also highlighted as a measure to encourage more rational water consumption. This pricing mechanism can also serve as a tool to fund investments in water infrastructure.

To implement these measures effectively and manage water efficiently, up-to-date and timely data on water quantity and quality are essential. Additionally, improving knowledge and access to precise data is key to ensuring the fair and sustainable distribution of water.

Energy portal

A Century of the Innovative Heritage of ABB Automatic Fuses

Photo: ABB
Photo: ABB

In the world of electricity, miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) are true ‘hidden heroes’ that ensure the smooth and safe flow of electricity. These devices are key to protecting electrical systems in homes, industrial plants, and infrastructure worldwide, and they have become the cornerstone of modern electrification. On the cusp of its centenary, the ABB circuit breaker stands out as the industry standard in terms of performance, compactness, connectivity, and transparency.

Since 1924, when Hugo Stotz patented the first automatic fuse, ABB has continuously improved these devices to meet increasing market demands and environmental standards. Today’s ABB circuit breakers have become synonymous with safety and sustainability, which is especially important in the global energy transition towards net zero carbon emissions.

Technological revolution and sustainability

As the world moves towards zero CO2 emissions, circuit protection technologies are becoming crucial for a safe and sustainable transition to renewable energy sources. The original ABB circuit breaker sets high standards for integrating renewable sources into power grids. Its flexible design allows for faster and simpler installation, which is especially important at a time when the industry is facing a shortage of highly skilled labor.

The ABB circuit breaker is designed to respond to short circuits or overloads within 10 milliseconds, ten times faster than the blink of an eye. This speed is key to preventing damage and protecting property, while the high temperatures that the fuse can withstand (from 5,000 to 6,000 degrees Celsius) ensure longevity and reliability. Users can easily reset the device, which reduces the need for replacement and allows a faster return to normal operation.

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The future of energy efficiency

In response to the increasing need for electrification and the integration of different sources of renewable energy, ABB develops products that must withstand higher electrical loads and supply variations. ABB offers protection for various applications, from solar panels and heat pumps to electric vehicles, including residual current, surge, and arc protection.

The latest generation of ABB S300 P circuit breakers carry the EcoSolutions™ label, meaning these devices are manufactured from highly recyclable materials. Through transparent processes and QR codes, ABB provides detailed information on the circularity of its products, ensuring responsible handling at the end of their life cycle.

ABB

Read the whole interview in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ENERGY TRANSITION

Europe’s Wind Supply Chain Continues Ramp Up to Meet EU Targets

Photo-illustration: Freepik (wirestock)

On 15 October MEPs Barry Andrews, Annalisa Corrado and Bart Groothuis and EU Commission officials from DGs GROW and MARE joined WindEurope to visit Sif’s new monopile factory and Eneco’s new coastal wind farm in Rotterdam. The Port of Rotterdam also showed us how it’s driving every aspect of the EU’s Clean Industrial Deal. The Sif factory is one of 30 wind energy supply chain sites across Europe that are expanding to meet the EU’s 2030 energy security and climate targets.

In February 2023 offshore wind foundations manufacturer Sif took final investment decision on the expansion of its Port of Rotterdam factory, aiming to construct the world’s largest monopile foundation plant. Monopiles are the most common foundation type used to install wind turbines at sea. Sif is investing more than 300 million euros to expand its production to the annual equivalent of 200 XXXL foundations – each of them with an 11m diameter.

WindEurope’s visitor group was among the first to witness the construction progress on site. The factory’s new production halls have been completed. And the first production line was already launched in August. Sif expects the new production lines to be fully ready in the first half of 2025. During the visit, Sif CEO Fred van Beers highlighted the expansion’s crucial role in accommodating the rising demand for offshore wind turbines in the North Seas and beyond.

Port of Rotterdam representatives showed what needs to happen on the demand side to deliver on the EU’s new Clean Industrial Deal. The port supports the electrification of ship operations, facilitates the local production of renewable hydrogen and rewards discounts on seaport dues for ships with higher environmental standards.

And the port also features multiple renewable energy plants. WindEurope’s group visited one the largest sites – Eneco’s 120 MW Maasvlakte 2 wind farm. The wind farm provides the equivalent of the average annual electricity consumption of 152,000 households. We need more wind farms in industrial zones across Europe to shorten electricity transmission distances and maximise the grid efficiency of renewable power systems.

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Europe’s wind energy supply chain growing quickly

Sif is not the only European wind energy supplier investing in additional manufacturing capacity. More than 30 factories across Europe are currently being expanded or newly constructed. Most investments are directed at upgrading grid manufacturing capacities. New cable production lines are developed in Belgium, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands and the UK. Good. Europe must urgently boost the grid buildout to unlock the large volumes needed to meet the EU’s wind targets – and it’s great to see that the supply will be met by European suppliers. Remaining a strong manufacturing up for wind energy technology increases Europe’s energy resilience and economic competitiveness.

Wind turbine factories are also being expanded. Six plants for hubs, nacelles, blades and towers are being developed in Denmark, Poland and Italy. All infrastructure investments are summarised on the map below. The Sif site visited by WindEurope’s group is highlighted in red. A detailed overview of all sites can be found here.

WindEurope CEO Giles Dickson said: “Today’s Sif factory visit has underlined the wind supply chain’s efforts to scale up. We are creating thousands of jobs and boosting Europe’s competitiveness. The Net Zero Industry Act requires 36 GW of wind manufacturing capacity in the EU by 2030. We need more support to achieve this. Ease access to capital, enable a level playing field with non-European competitors, further boost the grid buildout and our European companies will deliver!”

Source: WindEurope

The Paradox of Electric Vehicle Owners – Environmental Awareness and a Larger Carbon Footprint

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay

As the world turns to electric vehicles to cut greenhouse gas emissions, a finnish study reveals a surprising paradox: EV owners fave a larger carbon footprint than the average consumer. How is that possible?

Electric vehicles (EVs) are presented as a key component in the global fight against climate change. Free from direct emissions, they release no CO₂ while driving, unlike fossil fuel-powered cars. However, research conducted at the University of Turku reveals that EV owners, despite their environmental commitment, may still contribute to higher carbon dioxide emissions in other areas of their lives.

By analyzing data collected from the CLIMATE NUDGE survey, Finnish researchers uncovered an intriguing conclusion. EV owners tend to be wealthier and better-educated than the average person. Additionally, they travel more miles annually than gasoline car owners. While it might be assumed that such individuals would have a lower carbon footprint due to their transition to electric vehicles, the reality is more complex.

Greater Luxury, Greater Carbon Footprint

The reason EV owners have a larger carbon footprint lies in their lifestyle—wealthier consumers often use more energy and resources. Although they drive eco-friendlier vehicles, their overall consumption—such as higher electricity use (which, in many countries, still comes from coal-fired power plants), luxury travel, and purchasing habits—increases their carbon emissions. In essence, switching to an EV is not enough to offset the higher emissions generated by other activities.

The study highlights a crucial point: wealth and consumption often go hand-in-hand with higher greenhouse gas emissions. Higher incomes typically lead to increased household energy consumption and greater spending on products and services, each with its own carbon footprint.

The research emphasizes that eliminating emissions in one area, like transportation, does not necessarily reduce an individual’s total carbon footprint, especially if the person engages in other activities that contribute to higher emissions.

Another study by the global movement Oxfam, which focuses on combating inequality and poverty, reveals a shocking statistic: just one percent of the world’s wealthiest population pollutes the planet more than 66 percent of the poorest.

It is often this wealthy elite that speaks the loudest about fighting climate change, while much of the blame for global carbon emissions is placed on poorer populations who still rely on conventional fuels for heating and cooking.

Electric cars have also found their place in the world of luxury, with the affluent proudly proclaiming their contribution to cleaner air while cruising silently in their comfortable battery-powered vehicles.

To be clear, the role of electric vehicles in decarbonizing transportation is undeniable. As a strong advocate of eco-friendly transportation, I look forward to the day when zero-emission vehicles become accessible to everyone, not just the privileged few.

The purpose of these words is not to diminish the importance of electric vehicles but to highlight the problem of subtle greenwashing that often lurks behind seemingly noble environmental initiatives. We must not allow the wealthy to present their electric darlings as a silver bullet, concealing the tons of greenhouse gases they continue to release into the atmosphere.

The key to a solution lies in a comprehensive approach—reducing emissions across all areas of consumption, including energy, products, and transportation. Electric vehicles are undoubtedly a step in the right direction, but this research shows that achieving genuine sustainability requires wealthier consumers to adjust their entire lifestyle.

Milena Maglovski 

Geopolitical tensions are laying bare fragilities in the global energy system

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Bert Sz)

Regional conflicts and geopolitical strains are highlighting significant fragilities in today’s global energy system, making clear the need for stronger policies and greater investments to accelerate and expand the transition to cleaner and more secure technologies, according to the IEA’s new World Energy Outlook 2024.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay (AJS1)

The latest edition of the World Energy Outlook (WEO), the most authoritative global source of energy analysis and projections, examines how shifting market trends, evolving geopolitical uncertainties, emerging technologies, advancing clean energy transitions and growing climate change impacts are all changing what it means to have secure energy systems. In particular, the new report underscores that today’s geopolitical tensions and fragmentation are creating major risks both for energy security and for global action on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The report’s projections based on today’s policy settings indicate that the world is set to enter a new energy market context in the coming years, marked by continued geopolitical hazards but also by relatively abundant supply of multiple fuels and technologies. This includes an overhang of oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply coming into view during the second half of the 2020s, alongside a large surfeit of manufacturing capacity for some key clean energy technologies, notably solar PV and batteries.

“In the second half of this decade, the prospect of more ample – or even surplus – supplies of oil and natural gas, depending on how geopolitical tensions evolve, would move us into a very different energy world from the one we have experienced in recent years during the global energy crisis,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol. “It implies downward pressure on prices, providing some relief for consumers that have been hit hard by price spikes. The breathing space from fuel price pressures can provide policymakers with room to focus on stepping up investments in clean energy transitions and removing inefficient fossil fuel subsidies. This means government policies and consumer choices will have huge consequences for the future of the energy sector and for tackling climate change.”

Based on today’s policy settings, the report finds that low-emissions sources are set to generate more than half of the world’s electricity before 2030 – and demand for all three fossil fuels – coal, oil and gas – is still projected to peak by the end of the decade. Clean energy is entering the energy system at an unprecedented rate, but deployment is far from uniform across technologies and markets.

In this context, the WEO-2024 also shows that the contours of a new, more electrified energy system are coming into focus as global electricity demand soars. Electricity use has grown at twice the pace of overall energy demand over the last decade, with two-thirds of the global increase in electricity demand over the last ten years coming from China.

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Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Matthew T Rader)

“In previous World Energy Outlooks, the IEA made it clear that the future of the global energy system is electric – and now it is visible to everyone,” said Dr Birol. “In energy history, we’ve witnessed the Age of Coal and the Age of Oil – and we’re now moving at speed into the Age of Electricity, which will define the global energy system going forward and increasingly be based on clean sources of electricity.”

“As with many other global energy trends today, China is a major part of what is happening,” Dr Birol added. “Whether it’s investment, fossil fuel demand, electricity consumption, deployment of renewables, the market for EVs, or clean technology manufacturing, we are now in a world where almost every energy story is essentially a China story. Just one example: China’s solar expansion is now proceeding at such a rate that, by the early 2030s – less than ten years from now – China’s solar power generation alone could exceed the total electricity demand of the United States today.”

Global electricity demand growth is set to accelerate further in the years ahead, adding the equivalent of Japanese demand to global electricity use each year in a scenario based on today’s policy settings – and rising even more quickly in scenarios that meet national and global goals for achieving net zero emissions.

For clean energy to continue growing at pace, much greater investment in new energy systems, especially in electricity grids and energy storage, are necessary. Today, for every dollar spent on renewable power, 60 cents are spent on grids and storage, highlighting how essential supporting infrastructure is not keeping pace with clean energy transitions. Secure decarbonisation of the electricity sector requires investment in grids and storage to increase even more quickly than clean generation, and the investment ratio to rebalance to 1:1. Many power systems are currently vulnerable to an increase in extreme weather events, putting a premium on efforts to bolster their resilience and digital security.

Despite growing momentum behind clean energy transitions, the world is still a long way from a trajectory aligned with its net zero goals. Decisions by governments, investors and consumers too often entrench the flaws in today’s energy system, rather than pushing it towards a cleaner and safer path, the report finds. Reflecting the uncertainties in the current energy world, the WEO-2024 includes sensitivity analysis for the speed at which renewables and electric mobility might grow, how fast demand for LNG might rise, and how heatwaves, efficiency policies and the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) might affect electricity demand going forward.

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Federico Beccari)

Based on today’s policy settings, global carbon dioxide emissions are set to peak imminently, but the absence of a sharp decline after that means the world is on course for a rise of 2.4 °C in global average temperatures by the end of the century, well above the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C. The report underlines the inextricable links between risks of energy security and climate change. In many areas of the world, extreme weather events, intensified by decades of high emissions, are already posing profound challenges for the secure and reliable operation of energy systems, including increasingly severe heatwaves, droughts, floods and storms.

A new energy system needs to be built to last, the WEO-2024 emphasises, one that prioritises security, resilience and flexibility, and ensures that benefits of the new energy economy are shared and inclusive. In some regions of the world, high financing costs and project risks are limiting the spread of cost-competitive clean energy technologies to where they are needed most. This is especially the case in developing economies where these technologies can deliver the biggest returns for sustainable development and emissions reductions. Lack of access to energy remains the most fundamental inequity in today’s energy system, with 750 million people – predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa – without access to electricity and over 2 billion without clean cooking fuels.

To address the evolving energy challenges faced by countries around the world, the IEA is convening an International Summit on the Future of Energy Security in the second quarter of 2025. Hosted by the UK government in London, the Summit will assess the existing and emerging risks facing the global energy system, focusing on solutions and opportunities. And to explore the implications of AI for the energy sector, the IEA will host a Global Conference on Energy & AI at its headquarters in Paris on 4 and 5 December. High-level participants will discuss how pioneering AI technologies can change the way the world produces, consumes and distributes energy.

Source: IEA

Energy Transition In Serbia – Challenges and Potential

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (karsten-wurth)

The energy transition in Serbia has become a burning issue in recent years, especially after a significant increase in the capacity of renewable energy sources (RES). However, despite Serbia managing to almost double these capacities compared to 2022, it still lags behind many countries in the region. In an effort to understand why this is the case, we spoke with Jovan Rajić, the founder and head of the legal team at the Regulatory Institute for Renewable Energy and Environment (RERI), who revealed the main challenges Serbia faces on its path to energy transition and outlined key steps that can lead us to the desired goal.

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (mariana-proenca)

Mr Rajić explains that the increase in RES capacity in Serbia is partly a result of the adoption of the new Energy Law, which established a solid legal framework for further sector development. However, issues arose due to delays in adopting secondary legislation, resulting in the first auctions occurring only last year. Although these auctions represent a significant step forward, our interlocutor reminds us that they were completed with partial success, particularly regarding solar and wind energy projects. He also adds that investors in the energy sector expect legal certainty and a clear and predictable business environment based on market principles and competition rules. Although Serbia has significant natural potential for RES development, especially in the solar and wind areas, our interlocutor notes that the current business environment is not attractive enough.

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“What every country needs to provide for investors is legal certainty and a clear and predictable business environment based on market principles, competition rules, and equal opportunities for all market participants. If this exists, and considering the undeniable natural potential that our country has for developing RES projects, especially in solar and wind, then the interest of investors should not be questioned at all. Unfortunately, the business environment in our country is such that it does not guarantee the fulfillment of all these prerequisites I mentioned, so maybe this is where we should look for the reasons for this lag behind the region. The high level of corruption in all areas of society and direct contracts have not unfortunately spared the energy sector”, says Mr. Rajić.

He underlines that the so-called strategic partnerships, recognized in the Energy Law, are not necessarily the solution to these problems. For instance, last year’s tender from the Ministry of Mining and Energy for the construction of solar power plants with a capacity of 1 GW caused controversy due to restrictive conditions that are hard to fulfill.

Goals by 2030 – Ambition or Reality?

The recently adopted Integrated Plan for Energy and Climate sets ambitious goals for Serbia, stating that by 2030, 45 percent of electricity should come from RES. However, the question arises as to how realistic these goals truly are. Namely, the Energy Community Ministerial Council set a target of 40.7 percent of RES in gross final consumption for Serbia by 2030, which many experts have assessed as overly ambitious.

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Mark Merner)

“I have the impression that in Serbia, no strategic documents, such as plans, strategies, etc., are given due consideration. These documents should be prepared according to the highest possible standards of professional involvement and participation and informing the relevant public so that the end of the process yields solutions that will outline the path for all relevant regulations and their implementation. However, public policy documents are viewed as legally non-binding acts, which we adopt just to tick off some item of a specific accession chapter or to receive a positive assessment from the Energy Community”, our interlocutor adds. He also points out that a realistic goal has been set only for Bosnia and Herzegovina and how relevant regional institutions approach drafting these documents and setting goals, which they consider non-binding in a broader context.

Instead, Serbia must abandon the practice of adopting strategic documents solely to fulfill formal obligations to international bodies and focus on creating concrete, achievable plans that will enable a sustainable energy transition.

“Without a specifically devised, clear, and realistic action plan or defining how certain goals can be achieved, it won’t be possible to accomplish them. It seems that decision-makers are hoping for some miracle, wishing for a “market-driven energy transition” that will save them and help them fulfill their commitments. I am afraid that won’t happen on its own. At least not in a sustainable way”, Mr Rajić warns.

Interview by Milena Maglovski

Read the whole interview in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ENERGY TRANSITION

Solar Parks Can Contribute to Nature Restoration in the EU

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Mark Merner)

The association SolarPower Europe and the nature conservation organization The Nature Conservancy have released an important document highlighting the role of solar parks in combating climate change and restoring natural habitats.

The new approach, known as “nature-inclusive solar energy,” encompasses solar installations that enhance local biodiversity, combining nature restoration and conservation with energy production at the same site.

The document calls for a new cross-sector EU policy framework to support the development of nature-friendly solar parks. These parks are strategically located to minimize negative impacts on local ecosystems and maximize benefits for flora, fauna, and nearby communities.

Rebecca Humphries, Head of Climate Policy for Europe at The Nature Conservancy, emphasized the importance of well-designed solar parks.

“Properly located and designed solar parks can provide benefits for both the climate and nature, creating positive solutions for all,” said Humphries, adding that policymakers must now leverage existing frameworks, such as the Nature Restoration Law, to support greater investment in such projects.

This law, which came into force on August 18, 2024, sets a goal to restore at least 20 percent of degraded terrestrial and marine ecosystems by 2030 and all degraded ecosystems by 2050. Although solar parks occupy only 0.3% of the EU’s total area, their strategic design is crucial to align with the ambitious goals of the Nature Restoration Law.

The document’s recommendations include creating a common definition of nature-inclusive solar parks at the EU level, providing guidelines for development to minimize biodiversity loss, and establishing a monitoring and evaluation system.

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Do Solar Power Plants Encourage Biodiversity?

A study titled “Species Diversity in Solar Parks – A National Field Study,” published by the German Federal Association of New Energy Industry, explores biodiversity in solar parks on agricultural land, with early results indicating positive effects on biological diversity, reports Ekovjesnik.

The research covers 24 solar systems on agricultural land in Germany and one in Denmark, with a full evaluation expected in the first quarter of 2025.

So far, 354 different plant species have been recorded across 22 solar systems, including endangered species as well as those typical for rural areas and forests. The authors explain that the area under the solar modules has a cooler and more humid climate, allowing the growth of plants such as strawberries, raspberries, and mushrooms.

Preliminary results show that the situation varies significantly from site to site, depending on the environment and conditions prior to the construction of the solar systems. The conclusion is that an individual approach for each location would be desirable. The design and management of solar parks also affect the species that inhabit or use the area.

Milena Maglovski

Hungary Launches Program to Build Chargers in Underserved Municipalities

Photo-illustration: Freepik (vwalakte)

In an effort to improve electric vehicle infrastructure, Hungary’s Ministry of Energy is launching a new program in early November focused on setting up charging stations in parts of the country where the number of such facilities is insufficient. The program, with a budget of 28 billion forints (approximately 72 million euros), requires applicants to build at least one charging station in a municipality with limited charging infrastructure.

According to data published on the Ministry of Energy’s website, by the end of 2023, there were about 2,500 public chargers, with nearly half of them located in Budapest and Pest County. As a result, the program is primarily targeted at less developed, rural areas, with the goal of making public chargers available at more than 100 locations across the country in the coming years.

Companies licensed to manage charging stations are eligible to participate in the competition. In the first phase of the technical call, which starts today and runs until October 21, 2024, companies can submit their proposed list of locations. The selection of locations will be based on priority needs.

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The project aims to accelerate the energy transition and the development of infrastructure needed for emission-free transport. Companies that apply can receive a minimum of 100 million forints (approximately 260 thousand euros) and a maximum of four billion forints (around 10 million euros). However, they are also required to invest at least 10 percent of their own funds.

The non-refundable grants can be allocated for the construction of charging stations equipped with energy storage or renewable energy production units. This means that these charging stations must have systems to store electricity for later use, as well as devices that utilize renewable sources to generate clean energy for charging vehicles.

In a parallel program worth 30 billion forints (approximately 78 million euros), companies can obtain non-refundable funds for the purchase of fully electric cars, light commercial vehicles, and minibuses by next spring. The Ministry of Energy is currently promoting green energy production and storage for households and businesses with a total of 260 billion forints (around 670 million euros) through various programs.

Energy Portal

International Energy Fair Begins

Photo: Energy portal

The 19th International Energy Fair and the 20th International Fair for Environmental Protection and Natural Resources “Ecofair” opened at the Belgrade Fair, featuring more than 50 exhibitors from Serbia and abroad until October 16.

The events, held under the slogan “The Message is in Nature,” were officially opened by State Secretary at the Ministry of Mining and Energy, Stefan Srbljanović, and State Secretary at the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ivana Hadži Stošić, reports Beta Zelena Srbija.

“This event is important because it connects stakeholders from various sectors in Serbia and abroad, offering the opportunity to hear their experiences and examples of good practices,” said Hadži Stošić.

She presented the ministry’s ongoing activities, highlighting the construction of regional recycling centers in the village of Kalenić near Ub, as well as in Pirot, while the opening of centers in Užice is planned by the end of the year.

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“The plan is to build nine such centers by 2027, with seven of them being part of the ministry’s project. This green infrastructure is a prerequisite for increasing the recycling rate and encouraging the development of a circular economy, and through it, we are also working to close and rehabilitate unsanitary and illegal landfills across Serbia,” she added.

Numerous exhibitors will offer visitors the opportunity to learn about the latest advancements in renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, smart grids, energy storage, and other related technologies.

Among the exhibitors is the domestic company MT-KOMEX, which will share its extensive experience with visitors, including the construction of over 200 solar power plants with more than 140 MW of installed capacity, underscoring its contribution to the solar industry in Serbia.

Additionally, engineers from the company CEEFOR will be available to provide information on how to develop a quality project for a solar power plant, covering every aspect of planning and constructing a solar project.

Energetski portal

International E-Waste Day

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Eirik Solheim)
Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Arnel Hasanović)

International E-Waste Day, dedicated to raising awareness about the importance of proper management of electronic and electrical waste, is observed on October 14th. As one of the fastest-growing types of waste, e-waste is defined as any discarded product with a plug or battery. E-waste is full of hazardous substances that increasingly burden planet Earth.

According to the UN’s Fourth Global E-Waste Monitor (GEM) report, the world is facing a dramatic increase in e-waste, growing five times faster than the rate of its documented recycling. The report presents numerous figures that confirm this trend.

In 2022, a staggering 62 million tons of e-waste were generated, enough to fill 1.55 million 40-ton trucks, creating a line that could circle the equator, according to UNITAR’s website. This figure highlights an escalating crisis, as only 22.3 percent of this waste was properly collected and recycled. This means the remaining resources, estimated at $62 billion in recyclable materials, went unutilized, increasing pollution risks.

The growing volume of e-waste, which increases by 2.6 million tons annually, is on track to reach 82 million tons by 2030, a 33 percent rise compared to current levels.

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Rapid technological advancement, increased consumption, limited repair options, shorter product lifecycles, growing electrification of society, design flaws, and inadequate e-waste management infrastructure are some of the factors exacerbating the situation.

However, the report also highlights that raising the recycling rate to 60 percent by 2030 could yield benefits exceeding $38 billion, surpassing the costs. In terms of recycling achievements, Europe leads with a collection and recycling rate of 42.8 percent, while less than 1 percent of e-waste is recycled in African countries. Furthermore, Asian countries, which produce around 50 percent of global e-waste, show varying levels of legislative and infrastructural readiness.

Implementing e-waste policies remains a global challenge, with only 46 countries having set collection rate targets, and only 36 having set recycling rate targets.

These figures illustrate a significant rise over many years, prompting the United Nations to refer to this phenomenon as an “e-waste tsunami” a few years ago when data revealed that e-waste production from 2016 to 2018 increased by nearly six million tons.

This October 14th, let us reflect on the electronic devices we no longer use and take the necessary steps.

Energy portal

Marked Increase in EU Exports of Recyclables in 2023

Photo-illustration: Freepik (frimufilms)

In 2023, the EU exported 8.5 million tonnes of recyclable products (paper, plastic and glass) to extra-EU countries, a 34 percent increase from 2022 (6.4 million tonnes), while imports dropped by 19 percent to 3.2 million tonnes, down from 4.0 million tonnes in 2022. Compared with 2013, these exports fell by 5 percent, from 9.0 to 8.5 million tonnes (mostly due to a 44 percent drop in plastic exports between 2013 and 2023), while imports remained stable at 3.2 million tonnes.

In 2023, paper was the most exported recyclable product, representing 81.6 percent of exports (7.0 million tonnes), followed by plastic (15.6 percent; 1.3 million tonnes) and glass (2.8 percent; 0.2 million tonnes). In the same year, 1.7 million tonnes of paper were imported, accounting for over half (51.2 percent) of all recyclable products imported. The second-largest import category was glass (25.4 percent; 0.8 million tonnes), followed by plastic (23.4 percent and 0.7 million tonnes).

India, Indonesia and Vietnam: main export destinations for recyclable paper in 2023

In 2023, India was the largest destination of recyclable paper exports (32 percent of total extra-EU paper exports), followed by Indonesia (17 percent) and Vietnam (13 percent).

As for exports of recyclable plastic, Türkiye was the largest destination (22 percent of total extra-EU plastic exports), followed by Malaysia (21 percent) and Indonesia (19 percent).

In 2023, recyclable glass was predominantly exported to the United Kingdom (39 percent of total extra-EU glass export), Moldova (10 percent) and Türkiye (9 percent).

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United Kingdom: top supplier of recyclable products to the EU

Extra-EU imports of recyclable products came largely from the United Kingdom, which accounted for 31 percent of total paper imports, 47 percent of plastic and 36 percent of glass imports.

The second-largest supplier of recyclable paper was the United States (29 percent of extra-EU paper imports), followed by Switzerland (18 percent). Imports of recyclable plastic also came from the United States (8 percent), followed by Norway (7 percent). The second-largest supplier of recyclable glass was also the United States (29 percent), followed by Switzerland (12 percent).

Source: Eurostat

New Chargers For Improving E-Mobility

Photo: Charge&GO

During the summer season, the number of electric cars on Serbia’s roads is continuously growing due to their increasing popularity in Europe. Although the infrastructure represents one of the main obstacles to the faster development of e-mobility, Serbia is gradually improving the network of chargers for electric vehicles. Each new charger placed in a carefully selected location enhances the ability to charge, making electric vehicle travel more accessible and affordable.

The company Charge&GO is one of the leading actors in this transformation, significantly contributing to the expansion of the charger network, both in urban areas and on key roads. Their latest project involves deploying some of the most powerful chargers in their range. It is also new that some parts of Serbia will receive their first chargers thanks to this company’s venture.

Photo: Charge&GO

To begin with, when it comes to urban areas, at the OMV gas station on Ada Ciganlija, Charge&GO installed a 50-kW fast DC charger equipped with three different types of connections: CCS, CHAdeMO, and Type2. CCS is the European standard for fast charging of electric vehicles. It uses direct current (DC), while CHAdeMO is the Japanese standard for DC fast charging, which, although somewhat rarer in Europe, has found its place at the new location in Belgrade. Third connection – Type2, the most common connection in the European Union intended for AC charging, is often used when the car is parked for several hours in a shopping center, at the workplace, or, for example, during the picnic at Ada Ciganlija. One of the advantages of this charger is that it allows users of different models of electric vehicles to charge the battery while performing a whole range of activities.

The next innovation is at the OMV gas station Obilaznica Surčin 2, where drivers now have access to a new, more powerful DC charger with a power of 150 kW, equipped with two CCS connections. Such chargers are often placed along highways where charging should take as little time as possible, although such models can also be found in cities.

IN FOCUS:

The most powerful charger in the network

For those looking for maximum charging speed, Charge&GO at the OMV gas station in Zemun will soon offer a fast DC charger with a power of up to 240 kW and two CCS connections. It will be the most powerful charger in the network, designed to allow high-speed charging with minimal breaks, which will be especially important for drivers who often travel long distances.

Apart from the broader area of Belgrade, in the northeast of Banat, in Kikinda, a slow charger with a power of 22 kW has been installed, while Nova Crnja is waiting for the first DC charger of 60 kW, which will soon be put into operation. This charger represents the first step towards improving e-mobility in this part of the country, enabling a more even development of infrastructure and support for electric vehicles throughout the territory of Serbia.

Interview by Milica Vučković

Read the whole interview in the new issue of the Energy portal Magazine ENERGY TRANSITION

Automotive Industry at a Crossroads – Slovenia Prepares Necessary Measures

Photo-illustration: Pixabay (alba1970 )

The significant changes, challenges, and ambitious goals in the automotive industry, which we recently wrote about, could lead to far-reaching consequences. The Slovenian Minister of Economy convened a meeting with representatives from the automotive industry, business associations, and trade unions, with the aim of analyzing the current situation and formulating necessary measures to help Slovenia’s automotive sector adapt to new global challenges.

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay

The German automotive industry, which has a strong influence on the European market, is facing a serious crisis. The slow transition to electric vehicles, declining sales, the withdrawal of subsidies, and increasing competition from China are just some of the problems plaguing this sector. Companies like Volkswagen, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz are experiencing significant sales drops while grappling with high production costs and surpluses of unsold vehicles. Geopolitical tensions and the unavailability of Russian raw materials are exacerbating the situation, while Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers, benefiting from more favorable production conditions and subsidies, are constantly putting pressure on European companies.

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These challenges have a direct impact on many, including Slovenia’s economy, given that the Slovenian automotive industry is heavily export-oriented and closely tied to other manufacturers. During the meeting in Slovenia, which included representatives from the Office of the Republic of Slovenia for Macroeconomic Analysis and Development, the Slovenian Chamber of Commerce (GZS), the Slovenian Chamber of Crafts and Small Business, the Slovenian Employers’ Association, and the Confederation of Free Trade Unions of Slovenia, the need for urgent action was emphasized.

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (austin-distel)

The meeting highlighted the necessity of implementing structural measures that would include improving production processes through the integration of new technologies, digitalization, automation, and robotization. Industry representatives expressed their expectation that the state would help, even with temporary measures such as the announced short-time work scheme, to maintain employment during periods of temporary demand fluctuations. These measures should also be used for further training of employees, as the restructuring of the industry will require new skills and competencies, according to the Slovenian government’s website.

In the context of the challenges faced by the automotive industry in Germany and Europe, Slovenia is striving to anticipate the negative consequences on its economy and take appropriate measures. Analysts warn that a quick adaptation to e-mobility is essential to retain a competitive edge in the global market.

Energy portal

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