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New Mexico AG Seeking Carbon Emissions Reduction

Photo-illustration: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

The New Mexico Attorney General’s Office and consumer advocates are petitioning state regulators to consider a new energy standard they say would protect utility customers and shareholders from the costs and risks associated with future environmental regulations.

The proposed standard calls for electric utilities to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power plants that serve customers in the state by 4 percent a year through 2040. Supporters say that could amount to a reduction of several million tons of carbon dioxide, considered a prime contributor to global warming.

Steve Michel, the energy policy chief with the environmental group Western Resources Advocates, presented the proposal to the Public Regulation Commission on Wednesday. It will be up to commissioners whether to begin the rulemaking process, which would include gathering comments, technical workshops, and public meetings. Michel argued the importance of transitioning to cleaner energy sources, saying utilities can face significant costs if they wait until regulations are in place. He also said there would be environmental benefits to curbing the state’s reliance on coal-fired power plants.

“It’s almost certain that the U.S. is going to have to address carbon pollution. It’s just something that has to be done,” he said in an interview. “This proposed regulation would assure utilities in the state are well-positioned to address that as it emerges.”

The shift already is happening among investor-owned utilities. The state’s largest electric provider, Public Service Co. of New Mexico, is preparing to shutter part of its coal-fired power plant in northwestern New Mexico by the end of the year and it has invested almost $270 million in 15 solar generation facilities. The utility plans to add more solar to its portfolio under a plan submitted to regulators earlier this year.

Public Service Co. spokesman Pahl Shipley said the utility would reserve its comments on the clean energy standard until a final version of the proposed rule is drafted.

Michel told the commission that New Mexico’s utilities are well-positioned to comply with the standard given their current plans.

The push for more regulations and laws aimed at curbing emissions in New Mexico has waned somewhat in recent years as it appeared the federal government would be taking the lead in forcing utilities to divest themselves of coal-generated electricity.

That interest was renewed among environmental groups and some elected leaders when the administration of President Donald Trump indicated it would pull out of the 2015 Paris climate accord, an agreement signed by nearly 200 nations to reduce carbon emissions. Trump has also promised to help promote the use of U.S. produced coal. Attorney General, Hector Balderas, said his office supports the petition because he believes states, cities, and businesses will have to fill what he referred to as a regulatory void.

“This proposed clean energy standard would have New Mexico begin to do that,” he said.

A preliminary report recently produced by 13 federal agencies states the annual average temperature is already 1.18 degrees warmer the last 30 years than it was from 1901 to 1960. If carbon pollution continues unabated, the report suggests temperatures are projected to rise another 4.83 degrees by mid-century and 8.72 degrees by the end of the century, or a few degrees less if emissions are cut somewhat.

Michel said the 4 percent target identified in the proposal is consistent with the reductions scientists say would be needed to limit increases in temperature to prevent the most catastrophic effects of climate change. He also said the program would be consistent with similar efforts in California and the nine eastern states that participate in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative.

Source: power-eng.com

Croatia to Raise Fees for Renewable Energy Production

Photo-illustration: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Croatia will next month increase incentive fees aimed at stimulating the production of renewable energy, in turn slightly raising electricity bills for consumers, the government said on Thursday.

“The average electricity bill will be 22.90 kuna ($3.67) higher per month. This is the first such correction for energy production from renewable sources in the last four years”, Energy Minister, Tomislav Coric, told a cabinet session.

The fee – a fixed price for energy consumed – will be raised to 0.11 kuna from 0.04 kuna per kilowatt-hour. The Croatian energy market operator will define a new tariff system and quotas for eligible green energy producers, it said. Prime Minister Andrej Plenkovic said the increase resulted from commitments taken earlier to boost the use of renewables.

Croatia, which imports some 40 percent of its electricity, mostly relies on hydropower for domestic production. Including hydropower, it meets 28 percent of its energy demand with renewable sources such as the wind and solar power.

Since 2007, when the renewables support scheme was introduced, the European Union’s newest member has added more than 600 megawatts in green energy capacity.

Source: reuters.com

Could City Waterways Ease Air Pollution?

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Waterways offer new transport options in some towns and cities, but there are still some challenges to overcome Once bustling thoroughfares for boats of all kinds, to some entrepreneurs the rivers in major cities are a source of untapped potential.

They envisage passenger vessels expanding beyond sightseeing trips and becoming a daily means of travel for residents. If successful it could ease the pressure on congested roads and crowded public transport and help tackle air pollution.

But boat operators face some major challenges. They have to be able to scale up their services to carry larger numbers of passengers, as well as trying to reduce the environmental impact of boats dependent on high-polluting diesel fuel.

French company SeaBubbles shows the challenge faced on scale. It has been testing its electric water taxi, powered by lithium batteries, along the Seine in Paris this summer. CEO Anders Bringdal says he wants to make waterway transport easier, as well as reducing its associated noise and pollution levels.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

He says the company plans to build multiple docking stations at several piers so dozens of boats can be zipping along the river at any one time. However, the craft can only accommodate four passengers. Some of those trying to grow also face administrative battles to use waterways.

In Japan, Tokyo Water Taxi is hoping to have a fleet of 60 yellow vessels on the network of rivers and canals flowing into Tokyo Bay in time for the capital hosting the 2020 Olympic Games, having launched its first two diesel-powered boats last summer.

“The Odaiba area of downtown Tokyo in particular could benefit,” says CEO Hajime Tabata. “The volume of traffic for land transportation is often at maximum capacity, so waterways could be used to alleviate the congestion.”

Despite its ambitions, however, the biggest challenge for Tabata’s company is the lack of available landing piers, with more than 100 wharfs along Tokyo’s waterways subject to a complex web of regulations and ownership disputes.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

In other cities, travelling by water is already more commonplace. In Hong Kong, the Star Ferry fleet carries more than 70,000 people over the bay between Hong Kong island and Kowloon each day. And in Istanbul, around 300,000 people a day use a variety of private ferries and water taxis to cross the Bosphorus, the river that divides the city in two.

But this is still only a fraction of the commuters and holidaymakers travelling in both cities. And ferries and water taxis have not prevented Istanbul being rated one of the most congested cities in the world.

These ferries and water taxis are also all running on diesel fuel, part of a maritime industry that contributes a growing amount of nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and particular matter alongside carbon dioxide emissions.

In London, MBNA Thames Clippers has been slowly building a service geared toward daily commuters as well as tourists, helped by Transport for London’s decision to integrate ticketing, allowing Londoners to hop on and off boats by swiping their Oyster and contactless cards. It carried 4 million passengers in 2016.

But while the company claims its retrofitted catamarans have cut particulate emissions by 50% and nitrogen oxide emissions by 40%, the boats are still powered by diesel.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

There are examples of boat operators changing this. In Hamburg, one operator has added a hybrid-powered ferry to its fleet crossing the Elbe river, a prototype vessel that uses both diesel and electric power sources.

And in Southampton, a company called REAPsystems has developed a hybrid system for water taxi boats, one able to switch easily between a fuel engine and electric motor.

The company will take their hybrid water taxi boat to Venice next year, where a hotel operator will run it on a passenger route through the canals and out to the airport throughout the summer.

“We wanted to show that a more sustainable system is possible – hybridisation is a step toward getting rid of diesel,” said REAPsystems’ founder Dennis Doerffel. “Ultimately we have to replace existing transport technologies, if they pollute, with more sustainable ones.”

However, without a growth in passenger numbers, the major investments in cleaner river transport technology are unlikely to come to fruition, says Rupert Fausset, a transport and energy expert at Forum for the Future.

“It remains very challenging to scale up river transport and make it sustainable too,” says Fausset. “But I’m an optimist, so I would not rule out people developing more sustainable systems using new kinds of propulsion and new fuel cells in the future.”

(Source: Guardian)

EXPLAINED: Tesla’s Patent for Making Solar Shingles Stick Together

Photo: greentechmedia.com
Photo: greentechmedia.com

How SolarCity’s concept of overlapping solar cells connected by a conductive paste might help Tesla hit its cost and performance targets.

One of the biggest questions facing Tesla’s new Solar Roof product is how it will overcome the technical and cost-effectiveness challenges that have prevented other building-integrated photovoltaic contenders from breaking into the rooftop solar market.

This week, Tesla was granted a patent that could help answer some of those questions. The patent, first reported by CB Insights, is for a “method for curing conductive paste applied to two adjacent photovoltaic structures” — i.e., solar cells arranged in a “cascading” or overlapping structure, just like Tesla’s Solar Roof.

While it’s not clear if Tesla is using the methods described in the patent for its current Solar Roof production, the concept has been kicking around for some time. The patent application was first filed by SolarCity in May 2016, six months before its $2.6 billion acquisition by Tesla.

It’s also a much different approach than the standing-seam metal roof developed by SolarCity’s R&D unit, code-named “Steel Pulse,” that Tesla CEO Elon Musk reportedly called a “piece of ****” when he first saw it last spring. Tesla abandoned that project and switched to overlapping solar tiles, a product that was unveiled to the public in October — although that demo wasn’t actually wired up to generate electricity.

Tesla started taking orders in May, and announced the first working installations in August, with Musk and Tesla CTO JB Straubel getting the first ones. It also started releasing pricing data, with an average price of $21.85 per square foot, which is cost-competitive with standard tile or slate roofing products, but still more expensive than today’s solar panels on a cost-per-watt basis.

Tiled solar panels also face a core challenge — getting electricity to flow from one tile to the next efficiently, while protecting against rain, wind, heat and the other rooftop conditions that can erode a system’s performance over time.

Photo: greentechmedia.com

The problem with convection ovens is that “the heating efficiency of such approaches is typically low, because most of the heat may escape to the environment,” the patent states. What’s more, “air must be circulated to ensure that there is effective and even convection occurring on the strips,” and “an uneven airflow can result in temperature non-uniformity on the strips.”

Heating surfaces provide more uniformity, but because they need to be cool before the solar cells are placed on them, “heating up and cooling down can take a long time, thus reducing the throughput of the fabrication system,” it noted. “In addition, heating and cooling of a large thermal mass can consume a large amount of energy, and can cause large thermal stresses to be applied to the tool.”

Tesla’s patent describes the two main parts of the system — the carrier of the solar wafers that runs underneath, and the heating element that sits above. The wafer carrier includes polybenzimidazole (PBI) plastic, a kind of plastic with very low thermal conductivity, to “ensure that the heat emitted from the heater is mostly trapped between the heater and the substrate carrier and, thus, can efficiently cure the conductive paste.” It also includes a “number of components separated by air gaps to allow an individual component to expand when heated.”

The heating element that sits above the conveyor belt also has a number of features, including a “radiation block” with “a substantially dark colored coating” to improve its efficiency, that “can include an anodizing coating or a high-emissivity coating,” with a thickness of between 1 and 100 microns.

“A well-designed system that can efficiently heat the strips without damaging the photovoltaic junctions can reduce the time needed for curing the conductive paste to a period between 25 and 60 seconds,” the patent notes.

By the way, Tesla’s tempered glass solar shingles are using a hybrid of technology from Panasonic and Silevo, which SolarCity bought for $200 million in 2014. That is not the same technology as most of the building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) products we’ve seen come and go over the past decade or so, which have used lower-efficiency thin-film solar materials that have been unable to compete with polysilicon solar panels.

Energy Conversion Devices went bankrupt chasing the dream of flexible BIPV through its Uni-Solar subsidiary. Even Dow Chemical wasn’t able to make a go with its Powerhouse line of roof shingles with built-in thin-film PV — it discontinued the product last year.

Source: greentechmedia.com

GORAN VASIĆ: Strong Support for Renewable Energy Sources in Vojvodina

Foto: Privatna arhiva
Photo: EP

The Guarantee fund of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina was founded on 18 December 2003. and since then has provided a credit line from banks by concluding agreements on business cooperation with those financial institutions that are willing to support the program activities of the Fund and the conditions of crediting. In addition, this institution actively seeks to educate and inform the public about renewable energy sources and the benefits that they bring. That is why they organized an international conference ‘Promoting renewable energy sources: biomass in agriculture’ held on 12 May, 2015 in Novi Sad as a part of Novi Sad Agricultural Fair. For a special edition RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, we talked to Mr. Goran Vasić, the Director of the Guarantee Fund of AP Vojvodina, about the results and efforts that this institution invests in the change. At the time of this interview, there was a competition for energy efficient equipment necessary for the use of renewable energy sources, and it relates exclusively to the territory of Vojvodina.

EP: The Guarantee fund of AP Vojvodina provides guarantees for loans granted for financing the procurement of energy efficient equipment and equipment necessary for the use of renewable energy sources. What exactly does your institution support and in what way?

Goran Vasić: The Guarantee Fund of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina was established on 18 December 2003 by the decision of the Assembly of AP Vojvodina. The Fund is registered in the Register of Funds on 15 April 2004 and on that day it gained a legal status. The mission of the fund is to provide easier access to financial markets and favourable credit conditions (lower interest rates, longer loan repayment periods, longer grace period) for farmers, micro, small and medium-sized companies, cooperatives and entrepreneurs from the territory of AP Vojvodina, by issuing guarantees as means to reduce the risks of commercial banks. The vision of the Fund is continuous development into a stable, competent and reliable financial organization that tends to reconcile its business rules with the business practices of similar institutions in the European Union. The main objectives of granting guarantees are encouraging: increase in employment, export, competitiveness, the development of areas and branches that have an impact on changes in economic structure, that is the optimal use of corporative advantages of AP Vojvodina, more dynamic and balanced regional development of AP Vojvodina, the reduction of the level of effective interest rates on loans. We operate so that we conclude an agreement on business cooperation with the banks that are willing to provide their credit lines to support program activities of the Fund and to adapt credit conditions (interest rate, term and method of loan repayment) to those that are defined in the work program of the Fund and in the competitions that the Fund announces for granting guarantees for providing loans designed for financing certain economic activities.

Photo: EP

EP: In what amount have the projects in the field of EE and RES been supported? What is their development like? Could you please describe, in detail in terms of time and purpose, what has been realized so far?

Goran Vasić: On this occasion, I present to you a summary of total competitive activities for the period 2005 – 2015. It is a table which shows issued guarantees according to their purpose.

EP: Do you cooperate with funds from the EU and which funds are those? Do you exclusively support the project in Vojvodina? Tell us something more about that international cooperation and development plan of the Guarantee Fund of AP Vojvodina in the future.

Goran Vasić: In 2015 the Guarantee Fund of AP Vojvodina continued, previously established cooperation with the European Association of Mutual European Guarantee Societies – AECM, founded in 1992 in Brussels and today has 40 members. Most of them are member states of the European Union. But there is also Russia, Turkey and Montenegro. The Associations gathers private guarantee schemes, public institutions, guarantee funds and development banks. All these institutions have a mutual main goal to support small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs, who have good projects, but do not have adequate provided funds for their financing by commercial banks. In addition to promoting instrument to support SMEs by providing guarantees, The Association of Guarantee Funds represents the interests of its members in the European Commission. The Fund submitted an application for membership in 2015 and became a member of this Association. As a member of this Association, the Fund will be recognized in the European Union, and the most important benefits will be the possibility to exchange
information and experiences with Association members from other countries and easier providing and withdrawal of funds from the European Union. Among others, Associate members are: Austrian AWS, Croatian HAMAG, Turkish „Teskomb”, Bulgarian national guarantee fund NGF and German VDB. The table shows the level of the guarantee portfolio and the number of guarantees issued in 2014 for stated members of The European Association of guarantee institutions.

Photo: EP

Within the Association there are guarantee institutions whose target is supporting energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. They are predominantly located in Germany and our intention is to establish cooperation and thus create conditions for knowledge transfer and implementation of good practices. Special attention will be given to projects of energy rehabilitation of buildings with the collective housing with a large number of apartments where you have problems with coordinating and guaranteeing investments. Particularly interesting are the cases when due to the lack of will or the financial means of several apartment owners, planned investments of dozen of owners, who are ready and willing to undertake the investment, come to a halt. Guarantee fund started in August 2014 a project entitled “Promotion of renewable sources: biomass use by farmers in Vojvodina” which is jointly funded by the Heinrich Boll Foundation and the Fund, according to the Partnership agreement for the implementation of this project that the Fund concluded with the Heinrich Boll Foundation. The project objectives are fully coordinated with the priorities established by the Work program of the Fund. The Project’s overall goal is the promotion of production and use of biomass in agricultural production in AP Vojvodina, which will enable building trust and informing farmers in Vojvodina about the use of agricultural biomass as energy source, development and promotion of financial instruments for the production and use of biomass from agricultural production and increased use of renewable energy sources. As a result of this project a publication “Promoting the application of biomass in small and medium-sized farms in Vojvodina” was created and promoted in May 2015 during the International Agricultural Fair. On that occasion an international conference was organized and dedicated credit line was promoted, which was supported by the following banks: AIK bank, Banca Intesa, Credit Agricole, Hypo Alpe Adria, Komercijalna bank, ProCredit.

THE LIST OF AREAS THAT WILL BE CREDITED IN THE FUTURE

1. Buildings:

Replacement of the heating system: Replacing old heating systems with modern systems and conventional boilers for central heating with modern and more efficient condensing boilers. Replacement of the cooling system: Cooling space involves the purchase of coolers – new compressors with 8 cm of thermal insulation without Freon R-22. Insulation of external walls and roofs. This means that the exterior walls and ceilings are without any external insulation. Measures must contain the installation of appropriate materials for thermal insulation materials (for example, styrodur, and mineral wool) and that the thickness is in accordance with the standards of energy efficiency. Replacement of external windows. This includes windows with a single glaze/ non-insulated windows or old windows with double-glazed windows. Windows with single glazing or old double-glazed windows must be replaced with double-glazed windows with modern thermal – insulated glazing as a minimum standard for windows. Replacement of external doors. External doors that are not thermally insulated have to be replaced with the modern preinsulated door. Replacement of unregulated heating pumps for central heating with new, electronically controlled pumps. The existing built-in pumps of hot water heating systems operate without electronic control. It is necessary to replace them with pumps with electronic regulation.

2. The use of renewable energy sources:

Solar thermal systems for domestic hot water. The installation of new solar thermal system for preparation of domestic hot water, with flat collectors. Maximum collector area is 50 m2. Replacement of conventional heat production system with electric heat pumps with heat sources which can be soil, water or air. The installation of a network photovoltaic system. The installation of new photovoltaic system with solar PV panels. The system has to be connected to the grid.

3. Lighting:

Replacement of incandescent (classic) bulbs with new CFL bulbs. Space is illuminated with classical incandescent bulbs, which should be replaced with modern CFL bulbs. Replacement of old fluorescent lamps with modern T5 lamps with electronic ballast. According to the current situation, space is illuminated with older fluorescent lamps (T8 or T12) with electromagnetic ballast. Those fluorescent lamps should be replaced with modern fluorescent lamps (T5) with electronic ballast. Usually, it is necessary to replace the lamps together with lighting elements.

4. Agricultural equipment:

New agricultural machinery (tractors, harvester) with Tier III or Euro 3A engine as well as multifunctional machines with a minimum of three functions. Agricultural tools. Agricultural tools which can be financed are those that reduce energy consumption during field works with improved treatment systems (reduced tillage, protective treatment, processing into strips) and sowing (direct sowing in furrows and direct sowing in holes). Heat recovery in dairies. This measure includes the installation of heat recovery system for dairies. The heat from the extracted milk will be used during the cooling process for pre-heating of lukewarm and warm water. Installation of a simple heat exchanger and installation of the heat exchanger with an additional condenser of the cooling system can be financed. The new harvester with Tier III or Euro 3A engine. Replacement of the irrigation system. Procurement of new irrigation systems with the pump driven by energy efficient engine.

Interview by: Vesna Vukajlović

This interview was originally published in the Bulletin of Energy Portal “Renewable Energy”, on June 1, 2016.

MEXICO: Cactus Gas Possible Future Of Biofuel

Foto-ilustracija: Wikimedia
Photo: Wikimedia/Stan Shebs

The prickly pear cactus is such a powerful symbol in Mexico that they put it smack in the middle of the national flag. It was considered sacred by the ancient Aztecs, and modern-day Mexicans eat it, drink it, and even use it in medicines and shampoos. Now scientists have come up with a new use for the bright green plant: producing renewable energy.

Instantly recognizable with its jumble of spiny discs—its bright red fruit protruding like fat fingers from each one—the prickly pear cactus is farmed on a massive scale in Mexico. Its soft inner flesh plays a starring role in a plethora of favorite national dishes: tacos, soups, salads, jams and even candies. Believed by some to have healing powers, the cactus is also used in blood pressure medications, anti-hair loss shampoos, skin creams and diet juices.

“Since before the Spanish conquistadors arrived, we have eaten prickly pear cactus. It’s our tradition and our culture,” said Israel Vazquez, who has farmed the cactus for the past 20 years on a small plot in Milpa Alta, a neighborhood on Mexico City’s south side.

The cactus’s thick outer layer, with all those spines, has always been a waste product—until researchers developed a biogas generator to turn it into electricity.

Photo: Wikimedia/Stan Shebs

Straight to the source

The pilot project was launched in May at Milpa Alta’s sprawling cactus market. The far-flung neighborhood is a splash of green amid the smog and concrete of this Latin American mega-city, thanks in part to its more than 2,800 hectares (some 7,000 acres) of fields of prickly pear cactus, known in Spanish as “nopal.” Farmers in straw sombreros trickle into these fields every morning at dawn to work the long rows of cactus that flow from the lower flanks of the dormant Teuhtli volcano.

The area produces 200,000 tons a year of prickly pear cactus—up to 10 tons of which ends up as waste on the floor of the cactus market each day. A local green energy start-up called Energy and Environmental Sustainability—Suema, by its Spanish acronym—got the idea to develop a biogas generator to turn that waste into energy.

They decided to build it right at the source: the bustling cactus market, where hundreds of workers start each day by cleaning up the waste left from the day before.

Photo: Wikimedia/Tomás Castelazo

Cactus power

Oil-producing Mexico has emerged as a green energy leader in recent years.

It won praise in 2015 when it became the first emerging country to announce its emissions reduction targets for the United Nations climate accord, ambitiously vowing to halve them by 2050.

To get there, it is seeking to generate half its energy from renewable sources. Last year, green energy made up 15.4 percent of its energy mix—though just 0.1 percent was from biogas. Suema is looking to change that with its generator, which will ultimately produce 175 kilowatt hours—enough electricity to keep some 9,600 low-energy light bulbs burning.

The generator—a giant silver cylinder surrounded by an intricate web of pipes—churns together organic waste with a special mix of bacteria and heats it to 55 degrees Celsius (131 Fahrenheit) to produce biogas. The leftovers can then be used as compost.

When it reaches full capacity around November, the generator will be able to process three to five tons of waste a day, producing 170 cubic meters (45,000 gallons) of biogas plus a little more than one ton of compost. The $840,000 project, funded mostly by the Mexico City government, is popular at the cactus market.

“It’s a good idea, because now all this waste will do something productive,” said vendor Evangelina Lara, 45, wearing a red apron and wielding the knife she uses to clean her stock.

The Mexico City government’s scientific development chief, Bernardino Rosas, hopes the generator will be the first of many.

“Our vision is to reproduce this type of project” at each of the city’s more than 300 produce markets, making them energy self-sufficient, he told AFP.

Photo: Wikimedia/Stan Shebs

Aztec legend

In Aztec mythology, Huitzilopochtli—the god of the sun, war and human sacrifice—tore out the heart of a treacherous prince named Copilli and threw it into a lake.

The first prickly pear cactus supposedly grew on an island in that lake—its juicy red fruit symbolizing Copilli’s heart.

According to the legend, Huitzilopochtli told the Aztecs to build a city at the spot where they found the cactus, which would have an eagle sitting atop it eating a snake.

The story has it that this is where the Aztecs built their capital, Tenochtitlan—over whose ruins the Spanish conquistadors built Mexico City.

Today, the prickly pear cactus with the eagle eating the snake is a national symbol—so much so that it appears at the center of Mexico’s green, white and red flag.

This all makes the cactus a very fitting fuel for Mexico’s future, said Horacio Chavira, deputy director for rural development in Milpa Alta.

“The prickly pear cactus is so Mexican that it’s a symbol of our identity,” he said.

(source: AFP)

High-tech Electronics Made from Autumn Leaves

Photo-illustration: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Northern China’s roadsides are peppered with deciduous phoenix trees, producing an abundance of fallen leaves in autumn. These leaves are generally burned in the colder season, exacerbating the country’s air pollution problem. Investigators in Shandong, China, recently discovered a new method to convert this organic waste matter into a porous carbon material that can be used to produce high-tech electronics. The advance is reported in the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, by AIP Publishing.

The investigators used a multistep, yet simple, process to convert tree leaves into a form that could be incorporated into electrodes as active materials. The dried leaves were first ground into a powder, then heated to 220 degrees Celsius for 12 hours. This produced a powder composed of tiny carbon microspheres. These microspheres were then treated with a solution of potassium hydroxide and heated by increasing the temperature in a series of jumps from 450 to 800 C.

The chemical treatment corrodes the surface of the carbon microspheres, making them extremely porous. The final product, a black carbon powder, has a very high surface area due to the presence of many tiny pores that have been chemically etched on the surface of the microspheres. The high surface area gives the final product its extraordinary electrical properties.

The investigators ran a series of standard electrochemical tests on the porous microspheres to quantify their potential for use in electronic devices. The current-voltage curves for these materials indicate that the substance could make an excellent capacitor. Further tests show that the materials are, in fact, supercapacitors, with specific capacitances of 367 Farads/gram, which are over three times higher than values seen in some graphene supercapacitors.

A capacitor is a widely used electrical component that stores energy by holding a charge on two conductors, separated from each other by an insulator. Supercapacitors can typically store 10-100 times as much energy as an ordinary capacitor and can accept and deliver charges much faster than a typical rechargeable battery. For these reasons, super capacitive materials hold great promise for a wide variety of energy storage needs, particularly in computer technology and hybrid or electric vehicles.

The research, led by Hongfang Ma of Qilu University of Technology, has been heavily focused on looking for ways to convert waste biomass into porous carbon materials that can be used in energy storage technology. In addition to tree leaves, the team and others have successfully converted potato waste, corn straw, pine wood, rice straw and other agricultural wastes into carbon electrode materials. Professor Ma and her colleagues hope to improve even further on the electrochemical properties of porous carbon materials by optimizing the preparation process and allowing for doping or modification of the raw materials.

The super capacitive properties of the porous carbon microspheres made from phoenix tree leaves are higher than those reported for carbon powders derived from other biowaste materials. The fine scale porous structure seems to be key to this property, since it facilitates contact between electrolyte ions and the surface of the carbon spheres, as well as enhancing ion transfer and diffusion on the carbon surface. The investigators hope to improve even further on these electrochemical properties by optimizing their process and allowing for doping or modification of the raw materials.

Source: sciencedaily.com

India Exempts Solar Power Parks From Environmental Assessment Rules

Photo: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

In an attempt to expedite the implementation of large-scale solar power parks across the country, India has issued a clarification exempting these projects from obtaining environmental clearances.

The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy recently issued a clarification stating that the provisions of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) notification, 2006, will not be applicable to solar power parks. This move will exempt solar park developers from obtaining some environmental clearances required to set up several other power and infrastructure projects. These exemptions have been extended to solar PV and solar thermal power plants.

Solar parks will, however, have to follow the regulations under the Hazardous and Other Waste (Management and Trans-Boundary Movement) Rules, 2016, for disposal of solar PV panels at the end of the projects’ life. Clearances will also be needed for water usage and regulations of water and air pollution rules. Solar park developers will also be required to conform to forecast and coastal regulations if the planned parks fall in those areas.

The Ministry had to issue these clarifications as it has received several queries in this regard. With these exemptions the Indian government hopes to push the development of solar power parks which will likely form the backbone of India’s massive ‘100 gigawatts by March 2022’ target.

The government had initially set a target of 20 gigawatts through solar power parks, and this was subsequently increased to 40 gigawatts. Auctions of projects in solar power parks have seen a sharp correction in tariff bids over a very short period of time. This has made solar power a very attractive source of electricity for power utilities which, until now, had given preference to large hydro power projects and thermal power projects due to cost considerations. Low tariffs of solar power projects created a significant disruption in the Indian power sector forcing the power utilities to reexamine at their power procurement basket.

Source: cleantechnica.com

Neart Na Gaoithe Offshore Wind Farm To Have £827 Million Impact On Scottish GDP

Photo-ilustration: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

A new analysis has found that the 450 megawatt Neart Na Gaoithe Offshore Wind Farm will contribute an estimated £827 million to Scotland’s national GDP.

The Neart Na Gaoithe Offshore Wind Farm has been at the center of a long-running legal battle for over a year now, finding itself pitted against the UK’s Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), which claims that the 450 megawatt (MW) offshore wind farm will have a detrimental impact on migratory seabirds. While the courts recently gave the go-ahead for the project to move forward, the RSPB has nevertheless taken the issue to the country’s Supreme Courts.

Within a day of the RSPB announcing that it would continue its legal battle, the NnG Offshore Wind Farm Coalition was formed, representing organisations and companies that support the development of the Neart na Gaoithe (NnG) and have a stake in its construction. Specifically, the Coalition is concerned that the 600 jobs and £2 billion in investment will be put at risk if the RSPB continue its fight.

As if to further hammer home the importance of the NnG project, a new analysis was published this week by the Fraser of Allander Institute (FAI) at the University of Strathclyde which concluded that during the project’s capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure (OPEX) phase the Neart Na Gaoithe Offshore Wind Farm will contribute £827 million towards Scotland’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product).

The CAPEX for the project is expected to be £2 billion according to the FAI analysis, which was commissioned by the project’s developer, Mainstream Renewable Power — of which £510 million will be spent in Scotland. Meanwhile, across the 25-year operational lifespan of the project, its OPEX is estimated to be in the range of £1.7 billion — with around £610 million of it spent in Scotland.

When it comes to employment figures, the NnG offshore wind farm is expected to be able to support 8,000 person-years of employment in Scotland through the CAPEX phase — primarily driven by procurement of jackets and piles from within Scotland — and a further 5,900 person-years of employment through its OPEX phase — driven by the expectation that around half of the maintenance for the project site will be procured within Scotland.

All told, therefore, the Neart Na Gaoithe Offshore Wind Farm is expected to drive £475 million to the Scottish economy during its CAPEX phase and another £352 million through the 25-year OPEX period.

“These new figures show the huge potential offshore wind offers to Scotland’s economy, in addition to the key role it has in tackling climate change,” said Jenny Hogan, Director of Policy at Scottish Renewables in response to the FAI analysis. “News this week of another study which showed the job creation potential of the Moray East wind farm off Caithness is also to be welcomed.

“Offshore wind can make a major contribution to meeting Scotland’s climate targets, allowing us to produce clean energy from the enormous resource we have available.”

Source: cleantechnica.com

VOJISLAV MILIJIC: There Is an Easy – Solution Replacing Fossil Fuels with Biomass

Photo: EP
Photo: EP

In March 2015, UNDP presented the project ‘Reducing barriers for rapid biomass market development in Serbia.’ It’s just one of many projects that encourage the increase of biomass participation in energy production in Serbia. It is well-known data, which were also used by UNDP, that biomass accounts for 61% of the total potential of renewable energy sources.

We talked to Mr. Vojislav Milijić about such activities and about the plan which envisages 27% of energy production from renewable energy sources by 2020. He stands for one of the most devoted activists when it comes to biomass. On behalf of the companies “Foragrobio CC” and “Serbio” he has given Energetski Portal a lot of information concerning these topics.

EP: Foragrobio is a consulting Company, while SERBIO is National Association for biomass and they strive to achieve the objectives in the field of environment. These companies have existed since 2012. Can you tell us something more about both legal entities in which you are engaged?

Vojislav Milijić: “Foragrobio CC” Ltd was founded in 2012. It is specialised in providing consulting services in forestry, agriculture and biomass usage. Since the day of company’s establishment till today, we have had an opportunity to collaborate with a number of primarily foreign companies engaged in different activities such as investments in forestry and agriculture, through investments in district heating plants and biomass power plants. We have also participated in the development of various feasibility studies. These studies were primarily tied to specific projects which involve the use of biomass. In addition to consulting services, Forgrobio CC Ltd. is recognized as a reliable partner in projects’ development. More information about the company can be found on www.foragrobio.rs.

National Association for biomass SERBIO brings together companies, NGO’s and experts that are in different ways involved in biomass usage or in improving biomass usage. Currently, SERBIO has 32 members and those are mainly companies which deal with biomass usage. SERBIO is active in the implementation of international projects, and at the moment we are conducting BioREs project (coordinated by the Bavarian GIZ) together with 8 partners from 7 EU countries. The project is financed from the Fund Horizon 2020 of the European Commission. The aim of BioRES Project is establishing of trade and logistics centers for wood biomass in Serbia, Bulgaria, and Croatia. More information about SERBIO can be found on www.serbio.rs and about the project on www.bioresproject.eu.

EP: You have recently held a presentation at the conference, which was organized by the Delegation of German Economy in Serbia. The conference was about biogas and biomass. Would you be so kind as to bring up the most important facts, statistics, and information on the use, production, and resources that Serbia has?

Vojislav Milijić: You can find more details in the table which I enclose. In short, the potential of biomass in Serbia are huge, but the realization is at a low level. The fact that wood biomass in Serbia is used for the production of other products (pellets, chipboard), which are primarily assigned to export, is a particular problem. On the other hand, we import fossil fuels and export products based on biomass, instead of using those products locally and thus reduce energy dependence. Also, huge amounts of biomass are used very inefficiently (as firewood), which again reduces potential amounts that could be used more efficient (in CHP or district heating plants). Due to all these reasons, we have a situation in which the production of wood biomass is rather limited since the large quantities have already been used. An additional problem is the lack of organization of the private forest sector which owns over 50% of forest resources. These forest resources are mainly used in an unplanned way and under the pressure of the unfavorable economic situation.

The production of agricultural biomass is very low compared to its potential. There are significant possibilities for its growth. Nevertheless, the use of agricultural biomass is specific and it requires a special logistics concept and a large storage area, which represents a particular challenge for investors.

The most important opportunities for the usage of biomass in Serbia are:

• Energy crops, especially willows and poplars on land which do not provide adequate yield as traditional crops
• Pellet production, but only if there is a guaranteed sale, because the competition is extremely large in both domestic and foreign market, and the use of it is decreasing in most countries of Western Europe
• Heating plants on wood or on agricultural biomass through the Public-Private Partnership model or through the investments of the local governments
• Power plants of CHP plants on agricultural biomass used primarily for the energy production in industrial zones

EP: Is it possible to increase the percentage of biomass usage at a local level? What suggestions would you make?

Vojislav Milijić: Yes, and it would be very simple. You just need to replace fossil fuels with biomass. More than 20 municipalities in Serbia are currently working on the development of biomass power plants and they are at different stages, but I think that we can expect the first operating power plants on wood biomass next year. These projects were developed with the support of German Development Bank (KfW), and some of those with the support of GIZ DKTI projects or the support of other institutions. I remind you that one of the heating plants in Sremska Mitrovica has already been using agricultural biomass (sunflower husk). As far as the fuel cost is concerned, biomass is competitive in relation to crude oil and natural gas, and it does not pollute the environment as coal. The most common obstacles for local utility companies are investments in biomass boilers, but still in addition to KfW soft loans, there is a possibility as well as the interest of the investors in the public-private partnership. The private partners would be the holders of the investment for the energy production, while the public partner would carry out distribution in these partnerships. To some extent, the obstacle is also the current decline of oil prices and thus the heavy oil, which is the reason why the decision on the replacement of fuel and introduction of biomass in heat production system is delayed. However, I think that this is only temporary postponement because even with these prices, biomass is more cost effective option in long-term, which unlike other imported fossil fuels provides opportunities for development of local communities.

EP: The Statute of SERBIO Association says that the objectives for the development of bioenergy sector market are raising the awareness, strengthening of Public-Private Partnerships, organizing workshops and conferences. What is your experience and do you manage to achieve visible results in all these fields? What would be your observations and remarks? Where do you see progress?

Vojislav Milijič: I personally have been dealing with the use of biomass since 2009 and if I was to compare the situation then and now, I would say that Serbia has made a huge progress especially when it comes to raising awareness. A series of events (conferences, fairs, etc.), on which the biomass usage is one of the topics in addition to other renewable energy resources, tell us how topical biomass actually is. Our association SERBIO has made a contribution to this progress in addition to other organizations (GIZ DKTI, UNDP and others). Things in which Serbia generally legs behind, not only Western Europe but also the nearest neighbors are the concrete projects of energy production based on biomass, as well as the increase of energy efficiency while using biomass. Still, I think we will see the first results in the near future in these fields also, in the first place because Serbia has professional, technical and financial capacities for the implementation of such projects.

Interview by: Vesna Vukajlović

This interview was first published in bulletin “Renewable Energy” on June 1st 2016.

St. Petersburg proposal would require solar panels on new homes and major roof repairs

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

If you’re building a new house or putting on a new roof next year, and your place is bigger than 1,100 square feet, then St. Petersburg city officials may require you to install solar panels.

As the place that has long billed itself as “the Sunshine City,” St. Petersburg hopes to boost the number of solar-powered homes as part of a broader commitment made last year to convert the city to renewable energy sources, said Sharon Wright, the city’s sustainability coordinator.

“It’s just taking advantage of the resource that we have,” said Susan Glickman, who runs the Florida chapter of the Southern Alliance for Clean Energy and supports the measure.

Not everyone is eager to make solar power mandatory. Council Chairwoman Darden Rice said Tuesday she’s leaning toward voluntary measures, such as creating incentives, to promote solar.

“If we rush into a mandatory requirement, I don’t want us to suffer a backlash that undoes all the things we’ve already achieved,” said Rice, a former Sierra Club activist who co-founded the Pinellas Living Green Expo. “What we have to do is slow it down a little bit.”

The City Council will kick off a discussion of the proposed ordinance at 6:30 p.m. Wednesday at the Sunshine Center. A tentative schedule calls for considering a final version by December, with the effective date sometime in 2018.

If passed, the ordinance would make St. Petersburg only the second Florida city to mandate solar for new homes, according to the Florida Solar Energy Center at the University of Central Florida. The first city to pass such a requirement was South Miami, although its ordinance won’t take effect until Sept. 14, according to its mayor.

The push for both ordinances came from a University of Miami student named Delaney Reynolds, founder of the Sink or Swim Project, which tries to raise awareness of sea level rise. Reynolds’ climate activism has led her to giving a talk at the United Nations and being featured on an MTV special with former Vice President Al Gore and rapper Fat Joe earlier this year.

Reynolds lives part-time in South Miami and part-time on No Name Key. Earlier this year she persuaded South Miami officials to pass their ordinance, modeled on one from California.

The South Miami ordinance was opposed by utility officials and some homeowners concerned about the cost, according to South Miami Mayor Philip Stoddard. But when it came up for a vote, the council approved it 4-1, he said.

Now Reynolds is trying to spread the idea around, presenting it not just in St. Petersburg but also Orlando and Sarasota, she said. She’s pleased with her success in St. Petersburg.

“My hope was to stimulate thought by the city leaders, but I was pleasantly surprised when they decided to take a vote following my presentation to begin researching and drafting a law like the one I’ve advocated for South Miami,” Reynolds said in an email to the Tampa Bay Times. “Candidly, the response was fantastic and exactly what we need to happen all over Florida and our country.”

Rice called the student’s presentation “very bold, very visionary,” and said it got the conversation started among city officials. She said the timing of the workshop, falling the day after a hard-fought municipal primary, “didn’t have anything to do with the election.”

Neither she nor Wright could explain why the St. Petersburg draft ordinance differs from the South Miami ordinance in one crucial respect. The St. Petersburg draft would require solar panels on not just new homes, but also on additions to homes and even includes it as part of “major roof repairs.” The South Miami ordinance covers only new construction.

“I haven’t dug into that,” Rice said.

Solar energy had grown in popularity in St. Petersburg in recent years, Glickman said, noting that in 2014 Great Bay Distributors announced it would top its building with Florida’s largest private solar array.

The League of Women Voters formed a solar cooperative that offers free membership in exchange for a discounted rate for solar installation, Glickman said. So far 55 people have signed up for the co-op, Wright said.

“The co-op would help bring the price down,” Rice said. Still, she predicted the ordinance will face opposition from real estate, construction and other business interests.

The city also added solar panels to the new police headquarters at a cost of $2.3 million.

Source: tampabay.com

Port of Long Beach (California) Accomplishes Significant Air Pollution Reductions

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Through its Clean Air Action Plan, the Port of Long Beach in California has managed to greatly reduce local air pollution levels, according to the most recent annual Emissions Inventory.

Altogether, the Port of Long Beach has managed to reduce local diesel particulate matter air pollution by 88%, and nitrogen oxide air pollution by 56%. Local greenhouse gas emissions were also reduced by 22% — all compared to 2005 levels.

Much of these reductions are the result of the first phase of the zero-emissions Long Beach Container Terminal opening on Pier E last year.

Green Car Congress provides some background on the news: “As part of the first Clean Air Action Plan adopted in 2006, the Port’s efforts to improve air quality have included the Clean Trucks Program; low-sulfur fuel regulations for ships; increased use of shore power for container ships; and the Port’s Green Flag Vessel Speed Reduction Program.

“The Port remains focused on continued reductions through increased use of on-dock rail, advanced clean-air technologies, and joint efforts with Port of Los Angeles to finalize the latest update to the Clean Air Action Plan this fall. With the opening of Long Beach Container Terminal, 11% of the Port’s fleet of cargo-handling equipment is zero-emissions.”

Considering the massive amount of shipping traffic that goes through the Port of Long Beach, the air pollution reductions discussed above are pretty impressive — and should go a long ways towards reducing regional air pollution levels. To elaborate on that, the Port of Long Beach is the second largest port in the US, as determined by traffic volume.

Source: cleantechnica.com

Climate Change To Dramatically Shift European Electricity Consumption

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

A team of scientists from Germany and the United States has determined that rising temperatures due to climate change will have a dramatic impact on Europe’s electricity consumption patterns, culminating in putting extra strain on European power grids.

Led by scientists from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), the new study was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), analyzing what unchecked global warming would look like for Europe’s electricity demand. The key findings from the study, North–south polarization of European electricity consumption under future warming, find that daily peak loads in Southern Europe will likely increase while overall consumption will shift from Northern Europe to the South.

Maybe most importantly considering its impact on the European electricity grids, the authors of the report also concluded that a majority of countries will see a shift of temperature-driven annual peak demand from winter to summer by the end of this century. Specifically, according to the authors of the report, “While demand for space heating is expected to decrease in response to less-frequent cold days, increased adoption and operation of air conditioning due to growing demand for space cooling during hot days will put upward pressure on electricity consumption as well as daily and seasonal peak loads.”

“It is fascinating to see how the response of electricity consumption to temperature changes is similar across European countries’ peak and total electricity use seem to be smallest on days with a maximum temperature of about 22°C (72°F), and increases when this daily maximum temperature either rises or falls,” said lead author Leonie Wenz from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research.

“We use this common characteristic as a basis for estimating future electricity consumption under climate change — that is beyond the current temperature range. That way, those European countries that are already experiencing very hot temperatures today serve as examples for the future of cooler countries. It turns out that electricity demand in Europe will shift from countries like Sweden or Norway to countries like Portugal or Spain. Concurrently, the annual peak load will shift from winter to summer in most countries.”

The impact is obviously not just seen on electricity demand but has dire consequences on humanity itself. The authors of the report highlight the impact that hotter temperatures have on humans, and point to research which shows such factors negatively impact human health, social interactions, and economic output — not to mention increased deaths due to heat waves.

“Quantifying the connection between heat and human behavior is at the frontier of climate change research,” added co-author Max Auffhammer from the University of California, Berkeley. “There now is ample evidence that when it’s hot outside, air quality suffers, people are more stressed, aggressive, violent and less productive, mortality and crime rates rise. All sectors of the economy are affected by thermal stress, from the residential to the commercial, agricultural to the industrial sector. “

This turns it back around to the underlying premise of the article, namely that to accommodate and combat the shift in temperatures and the increase in hot weather, humans naturally turn to air conditioners.

“The main adaptation mechanism available to humans to combat high outdoor temperatures is a cooled indoor built environment, which in most settings requires the consumption of significant amounts of electricity,” continued Auffhammer. “This increased demand for air conditioning will put pressure on electricity grids when it is hot outside and generation and transmission infrastructure are already strained.”

This might sound like something of a no-brainer, but air conditioning has never found the widespread love and devotion in Europe as in other countries such as the United States and some parts of Australia.

“A few decades ago, no ordinary car in Europe had air conditioning, today almost every automobile has it — the same development will probably happen with buildings in Europe, yet not for reasons of comfort but due to necessity,” added co-author Anders Levermann from PIK and Columbia University in New York. “People will need to cool down their environments to keep up their life and economic productivity.”

Source: cleantechnica.com

Kenya Introduces World’s Harshest Law on Plastic Bags

Photo: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Kenya has been a major exporter or plastic bag in the past – but now the country is cracking down on the plastic pollution with the toughest law of its kind in the world. Kenyans selling, producing, or just using plastic bags could face a $40,000 fine or imprisonment for as long as four years.

Kenya’s plastic bag law came into effect just this week. According to Reuters, the country in East Africajoins over 40 countries worldwide that have either banned, partly banned, or put a tax on single-use plastic bags, such as Rwanda, Italy, and China. Under Kenya’s new law, police can target any person carrying a plastic bag, although environment minister Judy Wakhungu told Reuters enforcement would initially prioritize suppliers and manufacturers, and that the common man “will not be harmed.”

Not everyone is happy with the new law, which took Kenya more than 10 years – and three attempts – to pass. Kenya Association of Manufacturers spokesperson Samuel Matonda said 176 manufacturers will have to close, with around 60,000 jobs lost.

But other people point to the environmental cost of plastic bags: it can take between 500 and 1,000 years for them to break down. And the bags have been showing up in cows intended for human consumption. In slaughterhouses in Nairobi, some of these cows had 20 bags taken out of their stomachs. County vet Mbuthi Kinyanjui said, “This is something we didn’t get 10 years ago but now it’s almost on a daily basis.”

Kenya borders the Indian Ocean, and plastic bags can drift into the ocean and end up consumed by whales and dolphins, who ultimately die as their stomachs fill up with trash. The bags can strangle or suffocate marine creatures like turtles and seabirds. Plastic also ends up in fish later eaten by humans. Marine litter expert Habib El-Habr, working with the United Nations Environment Program in Kenya, said, “If we continue like this, by 2050, we will have more plastic in the ocean than fish.”

Supermarket chains in Kenya such as Nakumatt and Carrefour have begun offering cloth bags as alternatives to plastic for customers.

Source: inhabitat.com

Renault-Nissan Partner with Dongfeng to Make EVs in China

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

The Renault-Nissan alliance has today announced plans to launch a new joint venture with carmaker Dongfeng to make and sell electric cars in China, the biggest EV market in the world.

China’s Dongfeng will own 50 per cent of the new venture, eGT New Energy Automotive Co, with Renault-Nissan taking the other 50 per cent. It will start producing a new EV – complete with “intelligent interconnectivity” – from 2019, with the aim of rolling out 120,000 vehicles a year.

“This project is the result of a joint effort to develop electric vehicles for the Chinese market, by the ‘Golden Triangle’ formed by Dongfeng, Renault and Nissan, with an innovative business model,” said Zhu Yanfeng, chairman of Dongfeng, in a statement. “We expect to meet the transformation trend of the market in China; where cars are becoming light, electric, intelligent, interconnected and shared.”

China is already the largest market for battery electric vehicles, with sales jumping 121 per cent in 2016 to hit more than 250,000. Sales in 2017 to date are up another third on 2016 levels, according to data from the China Association of automobile manufacturers.

The enthusiasm for low-emission cars in China has sparked a frenzy of interest from foreign carmakers eager to stake their claim on the growing market. In April German carmaker Volkswagen unveiled four new affordable EV models, all of which are being developed and launched in China, which CEO Matthias Müller described as “fast, vigorous, innovative and the global lead market for e-mobility”.

Notably, the new EV developed by EGT New Energy Automotive will use a sport utility vehicle platform developed by the Renault-Nissan alliance. With foreign carmakers wary of sharing technology with Chinese firms, it’s the latest sign major carmakers are forging closer ties with local operators to drive down manufacturing costs and better appeal to the Chinese market.

“The establishment of the new joint venture with Dongfeng confirms our common commitment to develop competitive electric vehicles for the Chinese market,” Carlos Ghosn, chairman and chief executive officer of the Renault-Nissan Alliance, said in a statement. “We are confident to meet the expectations of the Chinese customers and to strengthen our global electric vehicle leadership position.”

It follows an announcement from Ford last week that it will explore a new partnership with Anhui Zotye Automobile Co to launch a fleet of new EV vehicles in China. The line-up would be sold under a new brand jointly owned by Ford and Anhui Zotye and “would aim to capture a sizeable share of China’s all-electric passenger vehicle market”, Ford said.

Source: businessgreen.com

Households Should be Paid for Their Solar Energy – Report

Foto: Pixabay
Photo-illustration: Pixabay

The Government’s long-awaited move to incentivise the scaling-up of solar energy development in Ireland should not exclude individuals and small businesses who wish to avail of an opportunity to reduce their energy costs by installing rooftop panels.

That is among the recommendations of a report by the climate expert Joseph Curtin published today.

The report was commissioned by Friends of the Earth, which is concerned the incentive scheme due to be announced shortly by Department of the Environment “may not cover micro/rooftop installations, and may not adequately address barriers to citizen participation” in solar panel deployment.

The cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, which generate usable solar power by means of photovoltaics technology and associated electricity storage batteries, has dropped dramatically in recent years. The panels absorb and convert sunlight into electricity with the help of an inverter that changes electrical current so that it can be used domestically or added to the national grid.

The report evaluates solar industry trends in the UK and Germany, and rejects suggestions that domestic rooftop solar energy would be too costly or favour wealthy households.

“The initial period of support is necessary so that the technology matures in the Irish market, and to ensure that Ireland can benefit from dramatic technology cost reductions anticipated over coming decades,” said Mr Curtin, a research fellow at UCC and member of the Government’s climate change advisory council.

While solar PV is a “potentially disruptive technology to incumbent business models”, notably those used by utility companies that generate or distribute electricity, “it must be embraced, not blocked, because it offers many benefits for citizens, and is a potentially vital component of the flexible and responsive energy system of the future”, the report adds.

“Supporting the industry at this early stage will ensure that a qualified cadre of project developers and technology experts emerges, and a technology supply chain is developed,” it says.

While larger schemes offer economies of scale and lower transaction costs, “the argument in favour of household rooftop solar is based on the fact that householders save energy which would otherwise be paid for at the rate of the peak electricity tariff for residential customers”.

A renewable electricity incentive scheme proposal being considered by the Government includes provision for commercial rooftop solar development in addition to “on ground” projects, The Irish Times understands – but “it’s not a carve-up” in favour of big developers and large energy companies.

“The introduction of a subsidy for rooftop solar PV … is vital for development of the type of grid and energy system that can deliver national decarbonisation [reducing CO2 emissions] at least cost and maximum benefit over coming decades,” said Friends of the Earth director Oisín Coghlan.

The “overdue incentive” should apply equally to domestic households, small businesses, farmers, schools and community groups, Mr Coghlan insisted.

The financial analysis refutes common “anti-solar” arguments, he said. “The Government has promised to put citizens and communities at the heart of the transition to a clean energy system. This research shows solar power is key to unlocking citizen participation. Paying households for the solar electricity they generate can be done at a reasonable cost and in a fair way.”

Mr Coghlan said the Taoiseach Leo Varadkar had signed the Friends of the Earth petition for a fair payment for solar power, and Minister for Climate Action Denis Naughten had indicated support for rooftop solar energy.

He added: “We’re really concerned that economists with no interest in public participation and big power companies who want to keep the market to themselves are telling the Government not to pay households and communities for the electricity they generate; to leave it to the big boys to provide Ireland’s renewable energy. We have seen the limits of that strategy with wind power. We don’t want to repeat the same mistake with solar energy.”

Source: irishtimes.com