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Bulgaria Aims to Become the First Country in Europe with a Functional AP1000 Reactor

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (lukas-lehotsky)

Bulgaria has longstanding experience in nuclear energy, and the implementation of the project for the construction of new nuclear capacities is of strategic importance not only for the country but also for the Southeastern European region, stated Zhecho Stankov, Bulgaria’s Minister of Energy.

He emphasized the importance of the effective participation of Bulgarian companies in the construction of the seventh and eighth units at the Kozloduy nuclear power plant site, highlighting that the implementation process will be based on quality, speed, and competitive pricing.

According to the website of the Bulgarian Ministry of Energy, the Bulgarian side will take all necessary steps to accelerate the implementation process.

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The minister also stressed that the project must comply with the Bulgarian legal framework and standards while adhering to international safety and environmental protection norms.

“Bulgaria’s ambition is to be the first country in Europe with a functional AP1000 reactor. I expect that together we will turn the project for new capacities in Kozloduy into a symbol of success and a benchmark for nuclear power plant contract implementation, not only in Europe but globally,” minister Stankov added.

Energy portal

FIAT Grande Panda Arrives in Europe in March 2025 – Prices Revealed

Photo: FIAT Grande Panda

FIAT has officially announced the arrival of the Grande Panda model on the European market in March 2025. With this model, FIAT returns to the B-segment, where it has been a leader for decades, selling over 23 million vehicles across Europe, according to a statement from Stellantis.

The Grande Panda is built on Stellantis‘ global multi-energy platform and comes in two versions—fully electric and hybrid. The electric model will be available in Grande Panda La Prima and (Grande Panda) RED versions, with a starting price of under 25,000 euros. The hybrid version will be offered in three trims—Pop, Icon, and La Prima—starting at under 19,000 euros.

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Designed in Turin, the Grande Panda draws inspiration from the iconic 1980s Panda while incorporating modern technological advancements. The electric version features a 44 kWh battery with a range of up to 320 km, along with an 83 kW (113 hp) electric motor. The maximum speed of the electric model is 132 km/h, with acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h in 11 seconds.

The model is equipped with an innovative built-in retractable cable for AC charging at the front, allowing the battery to be recharged from 20 to 80 percent in just over four hours. Alternatively, customers can choose a rear charging port with 11 kW power, enabling the same charge in two hours and 50 minutes. A DC fast-charging port with 100 kW power is also included as standard, enabling a 20 to 80 percent charge in just 27 minutes.

The Grande Panda will be available in dealerships across Europe starting in March 2025. A particular focus has been placed on affordability, one of the brand’s key values, allowing customers to participate in the electric transition at an accessible price.

Energy portal

Public Call for the Reclamation of a Non-Sanitary Landfill in Pirot – Plans for a Solar Power Plant Construction

Photo-illustration: Pixabay (Pexels)

The Regional Landfill Pirot has announced a public call for the development of a project for the remediation and reclamation of a former non-sanitary landfill in the city. The plan is to construct a solar power plant on the site, repurposing the degraded area for clean energy production.

According to the technical documentation of the public call, the non-sanitary landfill is located within the current industrial zone, approximately 400 meters from the nearest residential buildings. It was in use from 1990 to 2013, but after the opening of the Regional Landfill Pirot in 2013, the site was no longer used for waste disposal.

The proximity of the Nišava River, which at its closest point is only 100 meters from the landfill, further emphasizes the need for adequate remediation measures to prevent negative environmental impacts.

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To prevent the spread of unpleasant odors and the scattering of lightweight waste by the wind, landfill deposits were intermittently covered with clay and soil materials. The landfill body is now largely covered with a layer of soil and overgrown with low vegetation.

The waste-affected area covers approximately five hectares, with a landfill waste layer reaching a depth of up to 10 meters.

The primary goal of the public call is to identify the optimal technical solution for the site’s remediation and reclamation, as well as its future use. The City of Pirot plans to apply sustainable development principles by installing solar panels at this location, making Pirot another positive example of environmentally responsible resource management. In addition to constructing a solar power plant, the reclaimed area could also be utilized for other industrial, business, or commercial purposes.

The deadline for submitting applications is February 10, 2025, by 11:00 AM.

Energy portal

Microbes in Action: Nature’s Fighters Against Air Pollution

Photo: ChatGPT

Imagine this: trillions of microbes are constantly working to remove toxic gases from the air, and we are completely unaware of it.

Scientists from Monash University in Melbourne have discovered that microbes use an enzyme called CO dehydrogenase to consume carbon monoxide (CO) and use it for their survival. This deadly gas, which is released into the atmosphere in quantities exceeding two billion tons each year, is partially neutralized thanks to microbes, which consume around 250 million tons annually. In doing so, they not only sustain themselves but also help reduce pollution and, consequently, global warming.

„This enzyme is used by trillions of microbes in soil and water. They consume carbon monoxide for their survival, but in the process, they unintentionally help us,” explains Ashleigh Kropp, co-author of the study.

On the other hand, the lead author of the study, Dr. David Gillett, emphasizes that this is a fantastic example of microbial ingenuity—how life has found a way to turn something toxic into something useful.

„These microbes help clean our atmosphere”, says Dr. Gillett. „Their activity counteracts air pollution, which claims millions of lives every year, while also reducing global warming, as carbon monoxide is indirectly a greenhouse gas.”

Although it is unlikely that this discovery will be directly utilized to combat CO emissions, it deepens our understanding of atmospheric processes and allows us to better predict how the planet will respond to future changes.

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

Reflecting on this discovery, I realized how little we actually know about microbes and their role in our ecosystem. Carbon monoxide is a highly dangerous gas produced by the combustion of fossil fuels, wildfires, and volcanic eruptions. It is colorless and odorless, but it binds to hemoglobin in the blood more quickly than oxygen, which can lead to serious poisoning or even death. However, microbes have developed a way to use it as an energy source, helping to maintain the chemical balance of the atmosphere.

Although we often associate microbes with invisible organisms that cause numerous diseases, they are actually the foundation of life on Earth! Did you know that they produce half of the oxygen we breathe? Yes, microorganisms in the oceans, such as cyanobacteria, are responsible for a significant portion of the oxygen on our planet. Moreover, they play a key role in waste decomposition, nutrient recycling, and even in the fermentation process of the food we consume daily.

Thanks to researchers like those in Melbourne, we are beginning to understand just how crucial microbes are to our planet. While we cannot directly harness their ability to break down carbon monoxide to solve pollution problems, this knowledge can help in modeling future ecological strategies. Imagine a world where we could stimulate certain microbes to more efficiently remove pollutants from the atmosphere!

Milena Maglovski

EU Competitiveness Compass – A Strategic Framework for Innovation, Decarbonization, and Security

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Maximalfocus)

The European Union faces challenges that threaten to undermine its long-term economic growth and competitiveness on the global stage. To address this, the European Commission has introduced the Competitiveness Compass, the first major strategic framework of its mandate, aimed at ensuring that Europe becomes a leader in future technologies, services, and clean products. At the same time, the Compass seeks to make Europe the first continent to achieve climate neutrality.

As a reminder, Mario Draghi, former President of the European Central Bank, was tasked by the European Commission with preparing a report on his personal vision for the future of European competitiveness. Published last year, the Draghi Report analyzed the challenges faced by industries and companies within the single market, particularly over the past two decades, during which the EU has struggled to keep pace with other major economies. Importantly, the report identifies three key areas crucial for the EU’s future growth: innovation, decarbonization, and security.

The Competitiveness Compass has been developed based on this report, outlining concrete approaches and measures to drive progress in these three key areas.

Innovation: Revitalizing the European Innovation Engine

To address the first area, the EU must rekindle its innovation engine by creating space for young startups, promoting industrial leadership in high-growth sectors based on deep technologies, and expanding technological adoption across small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this, the European Commission will propose initiatives such as AI gigafactories and Apply AI, focusing on the development and deployment of artificial intelligence in key sectors.

Decarbonization: Ensuring a Competitive Transition

Photo-illustration: Pixabay (distelAPPArath)

Regarding decarbonization, high and volatile energy prices are highlighted as major challenges in the Compass. The upcoming Clean Industrial Deal, an initiative of the European Commission, will outline a competitiveness-based approach to decarbonization, making the EU an attractive location for production, including energy-intensive industries. Additionally, the initiative will promote clean technologies and new circular business models.

The Affordable Energy Action Plan will work to reduce energy prices and costs, while the Industrial Decarbonization Acceleration Act will expedite permitting processes for transitioning sectors. The Competitiveness Compass also envisions specialized action plans for energy-intensive sectors such as steel, metals, and chemicals, which are crucial for the European manufacturing system but are particularly vulnerable in the decarbonization process.

Security: Reducing Dependence and Strengthening Resilience

To enhance security and reduce dependency, the EU will rely on effective partnerships. Currently, the EU boasts the world’s largest network of trade agreements, covering 76 countries. To further strengthen supply chains and boost economic resilience, the Competitiveness Compass introduces new Clean Trade and Investment Partnerships to secure access to raw materials, clean energy, and sustainable fuels.

Furthermore, the EU will revise its public procurement rules to ensure that European companies, especially those in critical sectors and technologies, receive preferential treatment within the single market.

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Horizontal Factors for Competitiveness

Beyond the three key areas, the Competitiveness Compass is built upon five horizontal factors essential for sustaining competitiveness across all sectors.

  1. Simplification: Reducing Administrative Burdens

The first factor focuses on simplification by reducing administrative obstacles, facilitating easier access to EU funds, and accelerating decision-making processes. The Competitiveness Compass sets a goal of reducing administrative burdens by at least 25 percent for businesses and 35 percent for SMEs.

  1. Strengthening the Single Market

The second factor addresses barriers within the single market by modernizing governance frameworks, eliminating internal EU barriers, and preventing the emergence of new ones. Additionally, the European Commission aims to make standard-setting faster and more accessible, particularly for SMEs and startups.

  1. Financing Competitiveness

The third horizontal factor relates to financing, recognizing that the EU lacks an efficient capital market that channels savings into investments. In response, the Commission will introduce an EU savings and investment initiative, designed to create new savings and investment products, promote venture capital, and ensure smooth investment flows. A restructured EU budget will facilitate easier access to funds in alignment with Union priorities.

  1. Skills and Quality Jobs

The foundation of Europe’s competitiveness is its people. To bridge the gap between skills and labor market demands, the European Commission will launch the Skills Union Initiative. This initiative will focus on investment in education, lifelong learning, and upskilling, ensuring a workforce prepared for the future. Key areas include retaining talent, fair mobility, attracting and integrating skilled workers from abroad, and recognizing diverse forms of training to enable cross-border employment.

  1. Better Policy Coordination

Finally, improving policy coordination at the EU and national levels will be essential. To achieve this, the European Commission will introduce a Competitiveness Coordination Tool, which will enhance collaboration among EU member states in implementing common policies. This tool will also help identify cross-border projects of European interest and facilitate continued reforms and investments.

Energy portal

Shale as a New Potential in Kazakhstan’s Energy Sector

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay

Kazakhstan has recently announced a completely new step in its energy sector – the launch of commercial shale exploitation. This is a method of oil extraction that differs from conventional practices. Shale, a type of rock, has a high organic matter content, making it suitable for the production of shale oil and gas. However, hydrocarbons in shale are not readily available in reservoirs but are instead trapped within the rock.

Kazakhstan has decided to initiate this project, scheduled to begin this year, primarily due to economic and financial challenges in this energy-rich country, as reported by foreign media.

Oil and gas already account for a significant portion of Kazakhstan’s GDP, approximately one-fifth. However, shale oil represents a completely new opportunity for diversifying energy sources. To achieve this, technologically demanding methods such as hydraulic fracturing will need to be applied to access deeper geological layers and extract oil that was previously considered inaccessible.

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The core of the method involves injecting a mixture of water, sand, and specific chemicals through a well at extremely high pressure. This process creates fractures in the rock, allowing oil and gas to seep out to the surface. However, this technology often sparks debate—while some emphasize its energy benefits and increased economic independence, others warn about potential environmental risks, including seismic activity and groundwater contamination.

Despite these concerns, it is becoming increasingly evident that Kazakhstan is making significant efforts to maintain market stability and enhance investment opportunities. The country already adheres to agreed oil production quotas through its OPEC+ membership, given its abundant energy resources, but this method opens up further possibilities.

Energy portal

Recycling as the Key to Sustainable Development

Photo: Sekopak
Photo: Sekopak

Sekopak, a leading operator of the packaging waste management system in Serbia, has contributed to environmental preservation for over 18 years through innovation, responsible business practices, and efficient recycling. The company, which has set high industry standards through its work, not only helps reduce the ecological footprint but also actively educates citizens and businesses about the importance of sustainability and recycling.

Violeta Belanović, General Manager of Sekopak, reveals how the company implements a responsible approach to business, her perspective on developing the waste management sector in Serbia, and the key innovations shaping the future of recycling and environmental protection.

Q: What does a responsible business approach mean to you, and how do you implement it at Sekopak?

A: For Sekopak, a responsible business approach means actively contributing to environmental preservation through innovation, transparency, and collaboration with key partners. As an operator of the packaging waste management system, our mission is to enable an efficient and sustainable system. We support all our collaborators in this system. Over the past 18 years, we have recycled more than one million tons of packaging waste, directly contributing to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and developing the circular economy in Serbia.

Throughout these years, we have consistently highlighted the benefits of recycling and sustainable business practices. Those who analyze corporate social responsibility have confirmed that these are not just words. EcoVadis awarded Sekopak a gold certificate for corporate social responsibility, placing us among the top five percent of companies across all categories that meet the highest criteria for social responsibility. Additionally, Sekopak is one of the first companies to adopt new ISO standards in the field of circular economy.

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Q: How has the packaging waste management and recycling sector in Serbia developed over the past few years?

 A: In recent years, we have witnessed significant progress in the packaging waste management sector. Last year, new targets for reducing municipal packaging waste were adopted, placing additional demands on operators while presenting challenges that drive us to improve the system. Currently, 67 percent of packaging waste in Serbia is recycled, which is a good result, especially considering that the system was established only 14 years ago. Achieving these goals requires the synergy of all stakeholders to ensure the system’s sustainability. We notice strong interest from all sides, and it will soon become more apparent how the system will function following the adoption of the Regulation on the Determination of the Packaging Waste Reduction Plan for the 2025–2029 period.

Q: What recycling and environmental protection innovations are most important to your company?

A: Even when everything is running smoothly, asking how we can improve is crucial. If we hadn’t strived for innovation, we wouldn’t be where we are today—industry leaders for the ninth consecutive year. One of the innovations introduced by Sekopak in Serbia is recycling machines. Citizens of Novi Sad, Kragujevac, Aranđelovac, and Niš have deposited over 500,000 packaging units into these machines so far, demonstrating the potential of new technologies. We have learned a lot through projects involving smart recycling and will continue to learn as technology advances. Moreover, we invest in digital communication channels, such as TikTok, to capture the attention of younger generations. We believe that an innovative approach to communication and education is crucial for motivating citizens to recycle.

Interview by Milica Radičević

The inteview was published in the Energy portal Magazine RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS

Ministry of Energy of Romania Announces Cost Reductions in State-Owned Enterprises

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (riccardo-annandale)

The Ministry of Energy of Romania has announced an extensive reform plan for state-owned enterprises in the energy sector, aiming to achieve savings of over one billion lei, approximately 200 million euros, to ensure the long-term sustainability of these companies.

The reforms focus on cost reduction and efficiency improvements without disrupting ongoing production and investment plans. To that end, the Minister of Energy has called for a rigorous cost analysis and proposed specific measures to reduce expenditures. Additionally, companies under the ministry’s jurisdiction have been instructed to conduct a thorough review of their activities at all levels and submit the results to the Ministry of Energy.

Some of the most significant proposed measures include reducing management positions by 30 percent to streamline organizational structures, cutting administrative staff by 20 percent, and reducing expenditures on goods and services by at least 20 percent.

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In the case of administrative staff reductions, and consequently salary cuts, it was emphasized that these measures do not apply to employees whose work is essential for the functioning of the enterprises, particularly those engaged in production activities such as quarries, mines, thermal power plants, hydropower plants, and nuclear power plants. Employees in these areas will not be affected by the reforms.

The Ministry also proposes a 50 percent reduction in protocol expenses and sponsorships, as well as a freeze on new hires, except in cases of critical necessity.

The Ministry has initiated an analysis of potential restructuring and mergers within the sector, including plans to consolidate multiple companies operating within the energy sector.

The reforms aim to simplify organizational structures, eliminate unnecessary functions, and reduce bureaucracy, ultimately leading to more efficient decision-making processes and operations.

Energy portal

Modernization of Montenegro’s Power Grid with EBRD Support

Foto-ilustracija: Pixabay

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), which has been present in Montenegro since 2006, will provide the Montenegrin Electricity Distribution System (CEDIS) with a 35 million euros loan to support the modernization and digitalization of Montenegro’s power grid. To date, nearly one hundred projects have been implemented in the country with EBRD support, with a total value exceeding 900 million euros.

The funds will be used to establish a new Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system, an Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS), and to implement modern „smart” meters. Additional funding is provided through a grant from the European Union’s Western Balkans Investment Framework.

CEDIS, owned by Montenegro’s Electric Power Company (EPCG), manages and maintains distribution networks up to 35 kV across the entire country. With the implementation of the new SCADA system, the grid will be managed in real time, while ADMS will enable more precise and efficient monitoring of electricity flow and faster resolution of potential faults. Smart meters will further enhance consumption control, reduce losses, and improve the reliability of electricity supply to end users, as explained on the EBRD website.

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The introduction of advanced technologies is expected to deliver numerous benefits to the energy sector and consumers, including a reduction in technical losses by approximately 10 percent, a significant reduction in power outage durations (to around one-sixth of the current level), better integration of renewable energy sources into the grid, and improved cybersecurity. Additionally, the project aligns with EU and Energy Community standards, particularly in the deployment of smart meters.

The loan agreement was signed by Remon Zakaria, EBRD Director for Montenegro, Vladimir Ivanović, General Director of CEDIS, and Ivan Bulatović on behalf of EPCG.

„This project represents a transformative step towards the digitalization of Montenegro’s electricity distribution system, helping to improve its reliability and efficiency while paving the way for the integration of renewable energy. The citizens of Montenegro will experience more reliable electricity supply, while CEDIS will achieve significant reductions in technical losses and gain advanced capabilities for the rapid detection and resolution of technical faults”, stated Remon Zakaria.

Energy portal

EU Energy Report 2024: Solar Surpasses Coal, Wind Stable Amid Challenges, LNG on the Rise

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Asia Chang Yr)

According to the latest annual report by Ember for 2024, the European Union has made significant strides in transitioning from fossil fuels to clean energy sources. The main takeaway from the comprehensive report is that solar energy has, for the first time, surpassed coal and emerged as a key driver in reducing fossil-based electricity generation. Below are the data and an overview of key insights and figures from the Ember analysis.

Solar Energy on the Rise

The EU’s solar capacity reached 338 GW in 2024, almost tripling since 2019, when capacity was at 120 GW. Despite slightly weaker solar radiation compared to the previous year, solar energy production increased by 22 percent, thanks to a record-breaking annual installation of 66 GW. This rapid expansion boosted solar’s share to 11 percent of the EU’s total electricity generation, surpassing coal (9.8 percent) for the first time.

Wind Power Remains the Second Leading Energy Source

Wind energy maintained a stable share of 17 percent in total electricity production. Although installed capacity increased (from 169 GW in 2019 to 231 GW in 2024), less favorable wind conditions limited production growth, with Spain and Germany experiencing a notable shortage of wind in 2024. Nevertheless, wind has retained its position as the second-largest contributor to the European energy mix, solidifying its lead over gas, which has fallen to third place.

Renewable Sources Exceed 47 percent Share

Photo-illustration: Pixabay

The combined contribution of wind and solar reached a record-high 29 percent of the EU’s energy mix. When combined with hydropower and nuclear energy, clean energy sources now account for 71 percent of the EU’s total energy mix. Hydropower saw a 10 percent increase in production, partly due to above-average rainfall in much of Europe. Nuclear energy, whose capacity dropped from 110 GW to 96 GW over the past five years, recorded a 5 percent growth compared to 2023, primarily due to fewer outages in French reactors. Additionally, there appears to be growing interest in expanding nuclear reactor capacity.

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Fossil Energy at a Historic Low

Fossil-based electricity generation has fallen to its lowest level in over 40 years. Compared to 2023, there was a 9 percent decline in fossil energy production, despite a slight increase in electricity demand and higher electricity exports outside the EU. Emissions from the power sector dropped by 9 percent (585 million tons of CO₂), less than half the level recorded in 2007.

Coal Decline

Coal now accounts for 9.8 percent of the European energy mix, according to Ember’s report, representing a 16 percent decrease compared to the previous year. Sixteen out of 17 coal-using countries reduced coal consumption, with significant reductions in Germany and Poland. Several countries, including Austria, Sweden, and Portugal, have already phased out coal entirely, while others plan to do so in the coming years. Ember estimates that by 2030, only seven EU member states will still use coal, leading to the closure of at least 34 GW out of the remaining 101 GW of operational coal capacity.

Gas Production Decline and Russian Imports

Photo-illustration: Freepik (freepik)

Gas production marked its fifth consecutive year of decline, falling to 16 percent in 2024. Most EU countries reduced gas usage, including major consumers like Italy (-2 percent), Spain (-19 percent), and the Netherlands (-5 percent). This trend has led to a 20 percent reduction in overall EU gas demand over the past five years, with about one-third of this decline attributed to the power sector. While imports of Russian gas persist, they have decreased, whereas LNG imports have risen, now accounting for 38 percent of total gas supplies, up from the previous 22 percent.

Five-Year Impact of the European Green Deal

Between 2019 and 2024, wind and solar expanded their share of electricity generation from 17 percent to 29 percent, preventing the burning of approximately 460 million tons of CO₂. Simultaneously, coal’s share dropped significantly—from 16 percent to below 10 percent—while gas fell from 20 percent to 16 percent, losing its second-place spot in the energy mix.

Challenges and Costs in the Wind Energy Sector

While solar energy continues its rapid growth, the wind energy sector faces slower development, partly due to macroeconomic conditions, rising material costs, and supply chain issues. The cost of building wind farms has increased by about 10 percent since 2021, although this growth slowed in 2024. Interest rates for energy investments have also risen but are lower than in previous years. Offshore wind, on the other hand, continues to innovate and maintain cost reductions thanks to higher efficiency and technological advancements. Recently, we reported on a major offshore wind project in Poland, which is beginning to develop this sector. Additionally, the U.S.’s announcement of withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and the temporary suspension of permits for wind projects may potentially impact future steps.

Energy portal

Scientists Develop Biofuel from Used Cooking Oil as Efficient as Diesel

Foto-ilustracija: Unsplash (Ashwini Chaudhary)

A team of researchers from Imperial College London and the Brazilian National Laboratory for Renewable Energy Sources has developed an innovative method for producing biofuel from food waste, such as used cooking oil. Their study, published in the journal Green Chemistry, demonstrates that the new fuel can achieve the efficiency of diesel and be up to 1,000 times more efficient than current production methods.

The process is based on using modified enzymes that break down fatty acids present in food waste, converting them into alkenes—key components of fuels like gasoline and diesel. This approach enables the production of fuel that not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions by up to 94 percent but also significantly decreases the dependency on fossil fuels.

One of the main challenges with biofuels in the past has been their low combustion efficiency, due to the presence of oxygen molecules in the fuel. This limited their use, as they produced only 90 percent of the energy compared to diesel, while requiring more raw materials and increasing production costs.

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To address this issue, the researchers modified the P450 decarboxylase enzyme, enabling it to efficiently remove oxygen from fatty acids. Instead of water, the reaction was carried out in a special liquid salt under UV light, significantly boosting the yield of alkenes. This innovation requires less energy and fewer raw materials, achieving a more sustainable production process.

Additionally, the modified process eliminates the need for expensive and potentially harmful catalysts like platinum, as well as toxic chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide. These changes contribute to a smaller environmental footprint and make the technology both sustainable and environmentally friendly.

„Our (bio)technology enables us to expand into other renewable materials and produce a variety of fuels, including gasoline and kerosene for the aviation sector. We recognise that much work remains, and are excited to contribute to addressing one of the world’s greatest challenges: climate change” stated Dr. Leticia Zanfurlin, the project’s lead researcher.

Energy portal

CBAM – Challenges and Opportunities for Exporters and Transition to Clean Energy

Photo-illustration: Pixabay-(SD-Pictures)

Greenhouse gas emissions represent a serious issue that the European Union began addressing more than 20 years ago by adopting the Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). This system, based on the principle ’pay as you pollute’, limits the total amount of emissions and allows companies to trade allowances. Companies that achieve savings in emissions can sell their surplus allowances to those needing additional permits, thereby incentivizing investments in clean technologies. At the same time, emissions remain within the overall cap, merely redistributing how much each company is allowed to emit.

However, the system has its shortcomings. Companies have often relocated production to countries outside the EU without stringent emission reduction measures, thus bypassing restrictions and reintroducing emissions into the Union through imported products, jeopardizing global climate goals.

In 2022, an agreement was reached on the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) regulation. This regulation aims to prevent so-called carbon leakage from countries outside the European Union and address shortcomings in the EU ETS.

CBAM is an integral part of the Fit for 55 package, which aims to reduce the European Union’s net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55 percent by 2030.

Principles on Which CBAM Is Based

The European Union imports many products from non-member countries, which is particularly significant for companies outside the EU as it enables them to expand their market reach and maintain competitiveness. However, to achieve global climate goals, the EU has introduced measures designed to motivate companies from these countries to transition to clean energy and technologies.

CBAM is a tool that sets a price on carbon dioxide emissions generated while producing carbon-intensive goods. For instance, if a company outside the EU wants to export its products to the Union, it must pay for the carbon dioxide emissions embedded in its products. These embedded emissions refer to all emissions produced during the entire manufacturing process, including transportation. The cleaner the production process, the lower the carbon adjustment cost.

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Transition Phase

Photo-illustration: Pixabay (TheDigitalArtist)

CBAM did not immediately go into full effect to enable industries to transition to cleaner technologies and energy more smoothly and considerately. A transitional period provides industries ample time to adapt to the new rules and obligations and develop the necessary infrastructure to implement the Mechanism effectively.

The transitional phase began on October 1, 2023, with the first reporting period for importers ending on January 31, 2024. During this period, CBAM applies to import specific products identified as having the highest risk of carbon leakage, including cement, iron, steel, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen. It is important to note that during the transition period, importers are not required to purchase and surrender CBAM certificates. Their sole obligation is to report greenhouse gas emissions, including direct and indirect emissions embedded in the products they import.

Until the end of 2024, companies can choose one of three reporting methods for their products’ emissions: the EU Methodology (new EU rules), the Equivalent Method (three options), or Default Values (until July 2024). However, from 2025 onward, companies reporting on product emissions will be required to use the EU Methodology, which mandates precise emissions calculations according to EU rules.

If a product contains components for which obtaining accurate emissions data is challenging (complex products), estimating emissions (default values) is allowed but only for up to 20 percent of the product’s total emissions. The remaining emissions must be accurately calculated. Another new feature starting in 2025 is that plant operators outside the EU will be able to share emissions data via the CBAM portal instead of sending it individually to each importer as they have done previously.

Lastly, starting in 2025, companies wishing to import products covered by CBAM regulations will be able to obtain the status of an Authorized CBAM Declarant by submitting an application through the CBAM registry. Their application will be reviewed by the competent authority in the EU country where they are registered.

Prepared by Katarina Vuinac

The story was published in the Energy portal Magazine RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS

International Clean Energy Day – The Path to a Fair Energy Transition

Foto-ilustracija: Unsplash (American Public Power Association)

Renewable energy is the cornerstone of sustainable development and a key ally in combating climate change. However, despite its invaluable importance for the future of the planet and the quality of life of billions of people, many communities around the world still lack access to reliable and sustainable energy sources. For this reason, in 2023, the United Nations General Assembly declared January 26th as International Clean Energy Day to encourage action toward a fair transition to renewable energy sources globally

Photo-illustaration: Freepik (tawatchai07)

This date holds special significance, as January 26th marks the anniversary of the establishment of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in 2009. As a global intergovernmental organization, IRENA supports countries in their energy transitions, serves as a key platform for international cooperation, and provides analyses and data on technologies, innovations, policies, financing, and investments in clean energy.

This international day reminds us of the urgency of transitioning to sustainable energy sources for the benefit of all people and the preservation of our planet.

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Renewable Energy in Service of Preserving the Planet

Clean energy is central to addressing two global challenges – combating climate change and ensuring sustainable development for all. However, 685 million people still live without access to electricity, and over 80 percent of them are in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation further hinders education, healthcare, and economic opportunities in the affected communities, as reported by the United Nations.

Alarmingly, despite progress, the world is not on track to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7), which envisions universal access to modern and sustainable energy by 2030. If current trends persist, by the end of the decade, approximately 1.8 billion people will still rely on unsafe and polluting cooking systems, such as burning wood and animal dung.

Adopting clean energy is a critical part of strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are largely generated by fossil fuel-based energy production. Transitioning to renewable energy sources – solar, wind, water, and geothermal heat – can significantly contribute to preserving the planet.

Moreover, improving energy efficiency through innovative technologies in the transportation, construction, and appliance sectors not only reduces emissions but also saves money and ensures broader access to sustainable energy.

International Clean Energy Day serves as a reminder of the urgency and importance of transitioning to clean energy to secure a better future for people and the planet.

Energy portal

Vrdnik to Host the Largest Regional Renewable Energy Conference – RES SERBIA 2025

Photo: RES Serbia

The largest regional conference dedicated to renewable energy sources, RES SERBIA 2025, will take place on September 17–18, 2025, in Vrdnik, as announced by the RES Serbia Association.

For the fifth consecutive year, this prestigious event will bring together the business community, representatives of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the World Bank, government institutions, and leading investors. In the picturesque setting of the Vrdnička Kula ethno-complex on Fruška Gora, participants will discuss key topics in the field of green energy.

The traditional organizer of the conference is the Renewable Energy Sources Association of Serbia, which gathers all relevant companies and institutions in the renewable energy sector in the country. Due to great public interest and a large number of participants, this year’s conference will once again be held over two days.

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At RES SERBIA 2025, discussions will focus on the operations of wind farms that have secured market premiums through the first auctions, as well as on updates from the second round of auctions, whose application deadline is approaching. Special attention will be given to education as a key factor in the energy transition, as well as topics like e-mobility and ESG standards, which garnered significant interest in last year’s panels.

In addition to the traditional discussions on the development of wind and solar power plants, the conference will open the floor to innovation – from energy storage solutions to other current issues shaping the future of green energy.

Previous conferences have featured high-ranking officials from Serbia’s Ministry of Mining and Energy, Elektroprivreda Srbije, the EBRD, and representatives of renowned companies such as Masdar, Elicio, Nordex, Enlight, European organizations like WindEurope and SolarPower Europe, the Energy Community Secretariat, directors of leading financial institutions, and many other key players in the renewable energy sector.

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Poland to Produce Energy Offshore

Photo-illustration: Unsplash (Nicholas Doherty)
Photo-illustration: Freepik (kjpargeter)

The construction of two substations for Poland’s first offshore wind farm was recently completed, marking the beginning of large-scale offshore wind development in Polish waters. Offshore wind farms, located farther from land at sea, utilize stronger and more consistent marine winds, making them more efficient in generating electricity. Additionally, they reduce issues and concerns related to noise and visual impact, which are common with onshore wind farms. However, they are technically more complex and costly to build and maintain due to the challenges of operating in a marine environment.

Nevertheless, Poland anticipates that this will be the most advanced offshore wind farm, with “Baltic Power” set to become operational in 2026, making it the country’s first offshore wind farm.

By 2030, Poland plans to achieve 5.9 GW of capacity from offshore wind farms as part of the first phase of its wind energy projects, which includes a total of seven individual wind farms. The substations completed in Gdańsk and Gdynia will be installed as part of the “Baltic Power” wind farm, which is considered the most advanced project, according to WindEurope.

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The completion of this wind farm will cover 3 percent of Poland’s current electricity consumption. The Polish Wind Energy Association estimates the total potential for offshore wind energy in the country at 33 GW, which could make Poland a leading country for offshore wind energy in the Baltic Sea and significantly contribute to reducing the use of coal as the dominant energy source.

In February, the European Commission is set to unveil the “Net-Zero Industry Act,” a new vision for Europe’s industrial revival. This plan will focus on expanding domestic, competitive renewable energy sources as a key element for preserving Europe’s industrial competitiveness and leadership in decarbonization, especially in the context of global economic uncertainty.

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Solar Energy as a Driver of Change

Photo: MT-KOMEX

Solar energy has become a key element in the global energy transition in the last few decades. MT-KOMEX, with over three decades of experience, has significantly contributed to this trend. Through continuous investment in innovation and growth, MT-KOMEX has achieved significant results in solar systems, installing megawatts of energy that make a real difference in the region. This year, the company expanded its operations beyond Serbia, leaving a significant mark on the market for renewable energy sources. The beginning of 2025 brings new challenges and goals, and the company continues to develop as a leader in the solar energy sector, with a clear focus on sustainability and environmental benefits.

Looking at the whole picture, MT-KOMEX has built more than 250 solar power plants – 90 MW on the ground and over 70 MW on rooftops and installed more than 350,000 solar panels over the years. The company’s team comprises over 30 engineers and 80 installers. The number of projects and the expert team are growing with the growing demand for renewable energy sources and electricity.

A massive success in 2024 was the construction and commissioning of two solar power plants realized by the company – B2 Nova Sun in Nova Crnja and B2 Sunspot in Kikinda.

The solar power plant B2 Nova Sun was officially launched in August. It is a power plant with a capacity of 9.9 MW, located in the industrial zone of Nova Crnja, covering an area of approximately 13 hectares. Made up of 16,820 bifacial panels, the power plant will enable the production of about 14,000 MWh of electricity annually. In addition to enhancing energy security, this solar power plant will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by more than 15,817 tons per year, which is equivalent to removing over 3,000 average cars from the road for the entire year.

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The second major success was commissioning the solar power plant B2 Sunspot in Kikinda, with a capacity of 7 MW. It is located on a site that was previously used for waste disposal but is now entirely repurposed for productive land use. With an estimated annual production of 11,000 MWh, combined with the energy generated in Nova Crnja, this project will provide the Banat region with 25,000 MWh of clean, green energy from the sun.

Both power plants were among the winners of the first auctions organized by the Ministry of Mining and Energy of the Republic of Serbia. Contracts for purchasing electricity and balancing responsibility were signed with the Joint Stock Company Elektroprivreda Srbije.

This was the first time EPS signed agreements with a solar power plant for electricity purchase and balancing responsibility, with a trial and permanent operation period of 15 years.

After successfully completing the first auction, MT-KOMEX is preparing to participate in the second round of auctions in Serbia to allocate market premiums to renewable energy sources, striving to repeat the previous results.

Business Operations in the Region

When it comes to the region, a mention of MT-KOMEX BH in Bosnia and Herzegovina is inevitable. Although established in 2023, the company achieved significant collaborations and business success in its first operational year. A pioneering project in BiH was the construction of the largest solar power plant in the system of PE Elektroprivreda BiH d.d. Sarajevo. Additionally, the solar power plants Markovac Jungići and Markovac Jungići 1 were built. The total power of these solar power plants is 280 kWp, while, according to estimates, their annual production will amount to 360 MWh.

In 2024, MT-KOMEX expanded its operations to the European Union, specifically to Croatia, where it successfully overcame slightly different procedural requirements. A rooftop solar power plant was commissioned for a local investor.

However, these achievements were not achieved without their challenges, such as the evolution of legal frameworks that have followed the development of the sector since 2009, when private users and industrial facilities were first allowed to be both energy producers and consumers. Regulations have changed over time, and each new version of the legal provisions, although not perfect, has allowed for progress and facilitated investment in renewable energy sources. Early significant projects lacked substantial financial support, making them unprofitable and uncertain for the banks. MT-KOMEX has developed alongside the evolution of the solar energy sector, which is why today it concludes the year with all these impressive results.

Prepared by Milica Vučković

The story was published in the Energy portal Magazine RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS