Today, in a world where technology allows us to control almost everything with just the press of a button, it is hard to imagine how our ancestors managed to survive without cooling and heating systems or other devices that are now an essential part of our daily lives. We take for granted the ability to adjust the temperature in our homes at any moment, whether it’s the harsh winter or the scorching summer heat. Air conditioning has become a standard, seamlessly blending into our everyday routines.
However, when we take a closer look at global climate change, it becomes clear that this technology, although convenient, is not without its drawbacks. Cooling and heating devices significantly contribute to increased electricity consumption, which is still largely generated from sources that pollute our air and enhance the greenhouse effect. This reality presents us with a challenge: how to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures while remaining energy-efficient and environmentally responsible?
As awareness of sustainability grows, the demand for eco-friendly solutions in the construction industry is increasing. Among the innovative techniques gaining traction, solar chimneys stand out as an efficient and environmentally friendly way to regulate building temperatures. As a passive system, a solar chimney harnesses solar energy for natural heating and cooling without requiring electrical devices such as fans or motors.
Its operating principle is quite simple. The chimney absorbs sunlight thanks to its dark-colored surface, which maximizes solar energy absorption. During heating periods, the upper opening of the chimney remains closed, trapping warm air inside and allowing it to distribute throughout the building. On the other hand, during hot summer months, the warm air escapes through the chimney openings, while fresh air enters the building, creating a natural air circulation system. This process can reduce indoor temperatures by up to 8°C.
While many, especially younger generations, may think that cooling devices are a product of modern technology, let’s take a step back in time. More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians developed a similar principle for cooling their homes. Their buildings were designed with openings and vertical channels that enabled natural air circulation. Through these channels, cooler air entered the living spaces while warm air exited, creating a pleasant atmosphere even during the hottest summer days.
Today, solar chimneys represent a modern interpretation of the ancient Egyptian principle of natural cooling. Although the fundamental concept—using ventilation and airflow to regulate temperature—remains the same, solar chimneys incorporate solar energy, enabling not only cooling but also efficient space heating.
Katarina Vuinac
