According to predictions, by the end of the century, the melting of Antarctic ice sheets could cause sea levels to rise by a meter or more, with serious consequences for hundreds of millions of people worldwide. However, since the behavior of ice sheets in a warming climate cannot be predicted with certainty, NASA scientists are developing robots to measure how quickly climate change is melting ice sheets around Antarctica.
Known as IceNode, this project is led by NASA‘s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Utilizing its experience in designing vehicles for space environments, JPL engineers have developed robots about 2.4 meters long and 25 centimeters in diameter, equipped with three-legged attachment arms.
IceNode robots are deployed from a ship at the edge of an ice sheet (or through a borehole) and use variable buoyancy (they can float but also sink) to navigate the currents formed by melting ice to scientifically significant locations deep within the cavity.
Guided by artificial intelligence, once they reach their destination, the robots attach themselves to the underside of the ice sheet, where they collect measurements over a period of a year or more. Sensors will measure how quickly warm, salty ocean water circulates to the ice and melts it, as well as how quickly colder, fresher meltwater sinks. Eventually, IceNode detaches from the structure and returns to open water, where it surfaces and transmits mission data via satellite.
“These robots are a platform that enables scientific instruments to reach the most difficult-to-access locations on Earth,” said Paul Glick, JPL robotic engineer and lead investigator for the IceNode project.
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There is still work to be done on this project, but the current efforts show promising data. IceNode underwent its first polar test in March of this year at minus 45 degrees Celsius.
“We are pleased with the progress. We hope to continue developing prototypes, return them to the Arctic for future testing under sea ice, and ultimately see an entire fleet operating beneath Antarctic ice sheets,” said Glick.a
IceNode is funded through JPL’s internal technology research and development program, as well as its Earth Science and Technology Directorate.
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